Psychological impact of healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic: A multi-center cross-sectional survey investigation

Background Since the outbreak of 2019 new coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia, healthcare workers (HCW) have suffered psychological stress. The present study is to examine the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression of HCW in China during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to determine the risk factors predicting psychological morbidities that can be used as psychological intervention targets. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the psychological levels of HCW in multiple centers in China. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression were determined by using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) and Hospital Anxiety / Depression scale (HAD). Psychology related factors were evaluated and correlation between job title and contact history was analyzed. Results We received 958 of effective responses, 73.6% of which were from Wuhan and 67.2% were female participants. 55.1% of respondents had psychological stress that is higher than that of HCW during SARS. 54.2% and 58% of participants had symptoms of anxiety and depression. Stress levels of HCW were different in job titles and years of work experience. Anxiety and depression levels were different between different gender, job titles, degrees of protective measures and levels of contact history. Gender, intermediate title, protective measures and contact history were the independent risk factors for anxiety. Protective measures and contact history were the independent risk factors for depression. Conclusions The COVID-19 epidemic has induced stress levels for HCW, and high percentages of HCW have anxiety and depression. The situation of HCW is worrying and intervention service is urgent.

• Publication year

  2020

• Venue

  Journal of Affective Disorders

• Publication date

  2020-05-19

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.081PMID 32663970PMCID 7236675
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

  2020cited by this paper
• Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic.

  2020cited by this paper
• Perceived stress and psychological distress among chinese physicians

  2019cited by this paper
• Level of stress and strategies used to cope with stress by physicians working in intensive care units.

  2019cited by this paper
• Doctor, are you healthy? A cross-sectional investigation of oncologist burnout, depression, and anxiety and an investigation of their associated factors

  2018cited by this paper
• Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers

  2016cited by this paper
• Relationship between Anxiety and Burnout among Chinese Physicians: A Moderated Mediation Model

  2016cited by this paper
• Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Resident Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

  2015cited by this paper
• Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers.

  2014cited by this paper
• Prevalence of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Related Risk Factors among Physicians in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

  2014cited by this paper
• Prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among Chinese doctors: a cross-sectional survey

  2010cited by this paper
• [Perceived stress in general public during prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome and its impact on health behavior].

  2010cited by this paper
• [Anxiety and depression in residents - results of a Swiss longitudinal study].

  2009cited by this paper
• The Psychological Impact of the SARS Epidemic on Hospital Employees in China: Exposure, Risk Perception, and Altruistic Acceptance of Risk

  2009cited by this paper
• Cognitive emotions: depression and anxiety in medical students and staff.

  2009cited by this paper
• Angst und Depression bei jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzten - Ergebnisse einer Schweizer Longitudinalstudie

  2009cited by this paper
• [Working conditions and depression in physicians].

  2008cited by this paper
• Arbeitsbedingungen und Depression bei Ärzten

  2007cited by this paper
• Long-term Psychological and Occupational Effects of Providing Hospital Healthcare during SARS Outbreak

  2006cited by this paper
• Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers.

  2006cited by this paper
• A Japanese version of the perceived stress scale: translation and preliminary test.

  2004cited by this paper
• Psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on health workers in a tertiary hospital

  2004cited by this paper
• Psychosocial effects of SARS on hospital staff: survey of a large tertiary care institution

  2004cited by this paper
• Living in Danger

  2003cited by this paper
• Relation between immune variables and burnout in a sample of physicians

  2000cited by this paper
• A global measure of perceived stress.

  1983cited by this paper

• Being a professional nurse at a south african rural-based hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic

  2025cites this paper
• Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Depression among Medical Interns

  2025cites this paper
• Predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

  2025cites this paper
• Pandemi Sürecinde Hemşirelerin Yolculuğu: İş Stresi ve Psikolojik Sıkıntı

  2025cites this paper
• Temporal Variations in Risk Perception and Emotional Response of Healthcare Workers in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic

  2025cites this paper
• The effects of childhood emotional abuse on mental health in adulthood: A systematic literature review

  2025cites this paper
• “I get amazing strength when conditions are overcrowded” nurses experience in handling covid-19 patients during outbreaks in emergency rooms

  2025cites this paper
• Epidemic dynamics with awareness cascade of positive and negative information on delayed multiplex networks.

  2025cites this paper
• Depresión, ansiedad y estrés en personal de salud que labora en un hospital

  2025cites this paper
• Severity and associated factors of moral injury in healthcare workers during the coronavirus pandemic: a comprehensive meta-analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Workers’ well-being during viral pandemics and epidemics: A scoping review

  2025cites this paper
• The impact of informal caregiving on the mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic—cross-sectional and longitudinal results from the VOICE study

  2025cites this paper
• The effect of pre- and post COVID-19 hazard and risk management of nurses on performance evaluation

  2024cites this paper
• The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic among healthcare workers at the grassroots level in Vietnam

  2024influential citation
• Estrategias de afrontamiento y resiliencia en profesionales en enfermería durante la pandemia por COVID-19

  2024cites this paper
• Expansion of Psychosocial Distress in Nurses Working in Hemodialysis During Exposure to COVID-19 Pandemic in Bulgaria

  2024cites this paper
• All-cause mortality risk in long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  2024cites this paper
• Assessment of Psychological Well-being of Doctors Working in Public and Private Hospitals of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

  2024cites this paper
• Unravelling the complexities of depression with medical intelligence: exploring the interplay of genetics, hormones, and brain function

  2024cites this paper
• The Relationship between Physician and Nurses’ Burnout and Stress Levels and Healthy Lifestyle Behavior in the COVID‐19 Pandemic

  2024cites this paper
• Factors associated with anxiety disorders among healthcare workers (HCWS) involved in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

  2024influential citation
• Moral Injury: A Challenge for Healthcare Workers During the Pandemic and Beyond

  2024cites this paper
• SELF-CARE AND RELATED FACTORS OF NURSES CARING FOR COVID-19 PATIENTS IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

  2024cites this paper
• Perceived Stress Among Nurses at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

  2024cites this paper
• Emotional eating and mental health of nurses working in Lebanese hospitals during the double crisis

  2024cites this paper
• COVID-19 effects on caregivers in hospital operations from the literature arena

  2024cites this paper
• Perception and preparedness of physicians in public-sector hospitals of LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenology-based qualitative study

  2024cites this paper
• Psychological effects of trauma, negative and positive coping, resilience, and psychological distress among Chinese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

  2024cites this paper
• The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Sleep Function of Hospital Staff Working With COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study

  2024cites this paper
• Understanding the Impact of The Covid-19 Pandemic on The Mental Health of Healthcare Workers: A Comprehensive Study

  2024cites this paper
• Are Italian football clubs embrancing sustainability?

  2024cites this paper
• Ohio Health Care Professionals’ Pandemic-Related Help-Seeking Knowledge, Behaviors, and Concerns

  2024cites this paper
• The mediation effects of COVID-19-related traumatic stress symptoms and mentalization on the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being in healthcare workers transitioning to a post-pandemic world

  2024cites this paper
• Does organisational myopia mediate the effect of occupational health and safety practices on the risk of occupational accidents in Turkish healthcare institutions?

  2024cites this paper
• The Relationship Between Parenting Style and Self-Efficacy To Premarital Sexual Behavior Of High School Students In Gunungkidul

  2023cites this paper
• Perspective Chapter: The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health – The Protective Role of Resilience and Capacity for Mentalizing

  2023cites this paper
• Stress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life among the healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Syria: a multi-center study

  2023influential citation
• Psychological Analysis of Healthcare Workers During Covid-19 in Indonesia; Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis

  2023cites this paper
• Stress and safety of maternal and newborn healthcare workers early in the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeat cross-sectional analysis from a global online survey from March 2020 to March 2021

  2023cites this paper
• Psychological distress in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

  2023cites this paper
• Factors associated with depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  2023influential citation
• Mentalizing, Resilience, and Mental Health Status among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

  2023cites this paper
• Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among nurses during COVID-19 pandemic

  2023cites this paper
• Evaluating the Association of Depressive Disorder Symptoms and Moral Injuries in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic

  2023cites this paper
• Nurses' Journey in the Pandemic: Fear of COVID-19 and Work Stress

  2023cites this paper
• Anxiety, Depression and Stress Symptoms among Physicians Working with COVID 19 Patients

  2023cites this paper
• COVID-19 cases with a contact history: A modeling study of contact history-stratified data in Japan.

  2023cites this paper
• Exploring the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a survey applied on a Portuguese general hospital

  2023cites this paper
• The Motivation of Medical Staff and the Work Interestedness in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic, in a Tertiary Hospital in Romania

  2023cites this paper
• Qualitative exploration of perspectives of the pharmacists working in public-sector hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic

  2023cites this paper
• Covid 19 pandemisinin hemşirelerin psikolojik sağlamlık anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerine etkisi

  2023cites this paper
• Mental health outcomes in frontline healthcare workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 epidemic: Results of an online survey in four regions using respondent-driven sampling (RDS).

  2023cites this paper
• Untangling the Professional Web: Understanding the Impact of Work-Related Factors on the Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals During the Late Stages of Covid-19 Pandemic

  2023cites this paper
• Management Support for Healthcare Workers’ Mental Health and Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study

  2023cites this paper
• Working in corona-designated departments in a fortified underground hospital: Concerns about corona and predictors of job burnout

  2023cites this paper
• Application of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 to Measure the Anxiety Response of Cold Chain Practitioners During the COVID-19 Post-Pandemic Era in China

  2023cites this paper
• The Impact of Mindful Meditation on Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

  2023cites this paper
• COVID-19 Knowledge/Practices, Mental Status, and Return-To-Work Concerns Among Healthcare Workers in Huangzhou District, Huanggang City, China

  2022cites this paper
• Longitudinal survey on the Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Healthcare Workers (PsyCOVer) in France: study protocol

  2022cites this paper
• Vulnerability and Protective Factors for PTSD and Depression Symptoms Among Healthcare Workers During COVID-19: A Machine Learning Approach

  2022cites this paper
• Higher Education Perceived Stress and Physical Stress: Big Data Analysis (preprint)

  2022influential citation
• Prevalence and correlates of burnout among Lebanese health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional survey

  2022cites this paper
• Frontline Health Care Workers’ Mental Health and Well-Being During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Interviews and Social Media Data

  2022cites this paper
• Aplicaciones bibliométricas al estudio “Estrés Laboral Como Factor De Riesgo En Las Empresas Hoteleras De Sincelejo – Sucre”

  2022cites this paper
• COVID-19, sex, and gender in China: a scoping review

  2022cites this paper
• Assessment of mental health of medical personnel during COVID-19: insights from Pakistan

  2022influential citation
• The effect of body shape and swimsuit type on the comfort of Chinese women wearing swimsuits

  2022cites this paper
• Psychological Impact of Covid-19 Surge among Healthcare Workers in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Care Settings in Cross River State, Nigeria

  2022cites this paper
• Experiencias de estudiantes universitarios de la Araucanía en el contexto de aislamiento físico

  2022cites this paper
• MENTAL WELL-BEING OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN 2 HOSPITAL DISTRICTS DURING THE FIRST WAVE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN FINLAND: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

  2022cites this paper
• The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression among physical therapists in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

  2022cites this paper
• Perceived stress among older adults during COVID‐19 outbreak: A cross‐sectional study in Southern Iran

  2022cites this paper
• Motivating young adults to connect with nature for stress relief: A study in Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic

  2022cites this paper
• Occupational Stress and Quality of Life among Health Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic

  2022influential citation
• Psychological stress and influencing factors of hospital workers in different periods under the public health background of infectious disease outbreak: A cross‐sectional study

  2022influential citation
• Burnout, Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction in Healthcare Professionals During the Covid-19 Pandemic Process

  2022cites this paper
• Health care workers' mental health in the face of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  2022cites this paper
• Resilience and its association with post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression symptomatology in the aftermath of trauma: a cross-sectional study from Nepal

  2022cites this paper
• Living through the psychological consequences of COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of effective mitigating interventions

  2022cites this paper
• New Zealand emergency nurses' perspectives and experiences of professional joy in clinical practice: An exploratory qualitative study.

  2022cites this paper
• Intolerance of uncertainty and psychological well-being of nurses during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey

  2022cites this paper
• Burnout prevalence and contributing factors among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey study in an urban community in Thailand

  2022cites this paper
• The Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Perceived Stress, State and Trait Anxiety and Work-Related Strain in Healthcare Professionals

  2022cites this paper
• Demography and COVID-19 Symptoms of South African Oral Health Workers in an Academic Hospital

  2022cites this paper
• The Psychological Impact and Influencing Factors during Different Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers in Central Taiwan

  2022cites this paper
• Relationships between Dark Triad and negative emotions during COVID-19 lockdown: The chain mediating roles of negative coping and state boredom

  2022cites this paper
• Examination of the COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Mental Health From Three Perspectives: Global, Social, and Individual

  2022cites this paper
• Evaluation of physical and psychological status of health care workers infected with COVID-19 during a hospital outbreak in Japan

  2022cites this paper
• Impact of Confinement by COVID-19 in Awake and Sleep Bruxism Reported by Portuguese Dental Students

  2022cites this paper
• The Global Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia among Healthcare Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  2022cites this paper
• The comparison of anxiety and depression levels of resident doctors treating and not treating COVID-19 patients

  2022cites this paper
• Psychological impact on healthcare workers, general population and affected individuals of SARS and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  2022cites this paper
• Effect of decrease of physical activity on depression and anxiety after the COVID-19 lockdown: A survey study

  2022influential citation
• Burnout syndrome among frontline doctors of secondary and tertiary care hospitals of Bangladesh during COVID-19 pandemic

  2022cites this paper
• Evolution of burnout and psychological distress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 1-year observational study

  2022cites this paper
• Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Their Associations With Quality of Life in a Nationwide Sample of Psychiatrists in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

  2022cites this paper
• Assessment of Anxiety, Depression and Work-Related Strain Levels of Healthcare Professionals Working in Operating Rooms and Intensive Care Units During the COVID-19 Outbreak

  2022cites this paper
• The price of internship through COVID-19: 1st year physicians report substantial mental health symptoms during the pandemic

  2022cites this paper
• Psychological impact of coronavirus disease on nurses exposed and non-exposed to disease

  2022cites this paper
• Psychological Impacts among Health Care Personnel during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

  2022cites this paper