Mode-of-Action of Antimicrobial Peptides: Membrane Disruption vs. Intracellular Mechanisms

Antimicrobial peptides are an attractive alternative to traditional antibiotics, due to their physicochemical properties, activity toward a broad spectrum of bacteria, and mode-of-actions distinct from those used by current antibiotics. In general, antimicrobial peptides kill bacteria by either disrupting their membrane, or by entering inside bacterial cells to interact with intracellular components. Characterization of their mode-of-action is essential to improve their activity, avoid resistance in bacterial pathogens, and accelerate their use as therapeutics. Here we review experimental biophysical tools that can be employed with model membranes and bacterial cells to characterize the mode-of-action of antimicrobial peptides.

• Publication year

  2020

• Venue

  Frontiers in Medical Technology

• Publication date

  2020-12-11

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Chemistry

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3389/fmedt.2020.610997PMID 35047892PMCID 8757789
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Cyclic gomesin, a stable redesigned spider peptide able to enter cancer cells.

  2020cited by this paper
• The value of antimicrobial peptides in the age of resistance.

  2020cited by this paper
• Interactions of GF-17 derived from LL-37 antimicrobial peptide with bacterial membranes: a molecular dynamics simulation study

  2020cited by this paper
• A New Era of Antibiotics: The Clinical Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides

  2020cited by this paper
• DBAASP v3: database of antimicrobial/cytotoxic activity and structure of peptides as a resource for development of new therapeutics

  2020cited by this paper
• Development and Challenges of Antimicrobial Peptides for Therapeutic Applications

  2020cited by this paper
• Cyclic peptide scaffold with ability to stabilize and deliver a helical cell-impermeable cargo across membranes of cultured cancer cells

  2020cited by this paper
• Computer-Aided Design of Antimicrobial Peptides: Are We Generating Effective Drug Candidates?

  2020cited by this paper
• Proteomic Adaptation of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37

  2020cited by this paper
• Localization Preference of Antimicrobial Peptides on Liquid-Disordered Membrane Domains

  2020cited by this paper
• Developing a Coarse-Grained Model for Bacterial Cell Walls and Evaluating Mechanical Properties and Free Energy Barriers

  2020cited by this paper
• Simulations of octapeptin–outer membrane interactions reveal conformational flexibility is linked to antimicrobial potency

  2020cited by this paper
• To What Extent Do Fluorophores Bias the Biological Activity of Peptides? A Practical Approach Using Membrane-Active Peptides as Models

  2020cited by this paper
• Cost-effective production of recombinant peptides in Escherichia coli.

  2019cited by this paper
• Design of Stapled Antimicrobial Peptides that Overcome Antibiotic Resistance and In Vivo Toxicity

  2019cited by this paper
• Mechanisms of Action for Antimicrobial Peptides With Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Functions

  2019cited by this paper
• Non-Lytic Antibacterial Peptides That Translocate Through Bacterial Membranes to Act on Intracellular Targets

  2019cited by this paper
• Proteome microarray technology and application: higher, wider, and deeper

  2019cited by this paper
• Design of stapled antimicrobial peptides that are stable, nontoxic and kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria in mice

  2019cited by this paper
• The antimicrobial peptides and their potential clinical applications.

  2019cited by this paper
• Cell membrane composition drives selectivity and toxicity of designed cyclic helix-loop-helix peptides with cell penetrating and tumor suppressor properties.

  2019cited by this paper
• The role of bacterial lipid diversity and membrane properties in modulating antimicrobial peptide activity and drug resistance.

  2019cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial peptides under clinical investigation

  2019cited by this paper
• Sustainability Challenges in Peptide Synthesis and Purification: From R&D to Production.

  2019cited by this paper
• Alternatives to Conventional Antibiotics in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance.

  2019cited by this paper
• Unveiling the Multifaceted Mechanisms of Antibacterial Activity of Buforin II and Frenatin 2.3S Peptides from Skin Micro-Organs of the Orinoco Lime Treefrog (Sphaenorhynchus lacteus)

  2018cited by this paper
• Structure, Function, and Biosynthetic Origin of Octapeptin Antibiotics Active against Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

  2018cited by this paper
• Fluorophore labeling of a cell-penetrating peptide significantly alters the mode and degree of biomembrane interaction

  2018cited by this paper
• The Multifaceted Antibacterial Mechanisms of the Pioneering Peptide Antibiotics Tyrocidine and Gramicidin S

  2018cited by this paper
• Analysis of the antimicrobial mechanism of porcine beta defensin 2 against E. coli by electron microscopy and differentially expressed genes

  2018cited by this paper
• Yeast-Based Synthetic Biology Platform for Antimicrobial Peptide Production.

  2018cited by this paper
• Heterogeneous absorption of antimicrobial peptide LL37 in Escherichia coli cells enhances population survivability

  2018cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial Peptides: Interaction With Model and Biological Membranes and Synergism With Chemical Antibiotics

  2018cited by this paper
• The Dolphin Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide Tur1A Inhibits Protein Synthesis by Targeting the Bacterial Ribosome.

  2018cited by this paper
• Insight into Elongation Stages of Peptidoglycan Processing in Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes

  2018cited by this paper
• Flow Cytometry: An Overview

  2018cited by this paper
• What can machine learning do for antimicrobial peptides, and what can antimicrobial peptides do for machine learning?

  2017cited by this paper
• Quantitative analysis of molecular partition towards lipid membranes using surface plasmon resonance

  2017cited by this paper
• Lipid selectivity in novel antimicrobial peptides: Implication on antimicrobial and hemolytic activity.

  2017cited by this paper
• Redesigned Spider Peptide with Improved Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties.

  2017cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): Ancient compounds that represent novel weapons in the fight against bacteria.

  2017cited by this paper
• New Potent Membrane-Targeting Antibacterial Peptides from Viral Capsid Proteins

  2017cited by this paper
• Intracellular Targeting Mechanisms by Antimicrobial Peptides

  2017cited by this paper
• Host defense antimicrobial peptides as antibiotics: design and application strategies.

  2017cited by this paper
• Mechanisms of bacterial membrane permeabilization by crotalicidin (Ctn) and its fragment Ctn(15–34), antimicrobial peptides from rattlesnake venom

  2017influential reference
• Comparative Analysis of the Bacterial Membrane Disruption Effect of Two Natural Plant Antimicrobial Peptides

  2017cited by this paper
• Imaging the antimicrobial mechanism(s) of cathelicidin-2

  2016cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial Peptides: An Emerging Category of Therapeutic Agents

  2016cited by this paper
• The proteome targets of intracellular targeting antimicrobial peptides

  2016cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial Peptides

  2016cited by this paper
• Analysis of Antimicrobial-Triggered Membrane Depolarization Using Voltage Sensitive Dyes

  2016cited by this paper
• Influence of lipidation on the mode of action of a small RW-rich antimicrobial peptide.

  2016cited by this paper
• A Rapid and Quantitative Flow Cytometry Method for the Analysis of Membrane Disruptive Antimicrobial Activity

  2016cited by this paper
• Systematic Analysis of Intracellular-targeting Antimicrobial Peptides, Bactenecin 7, Hybrid of Pleurocidin and Dermaseptin, Proline–Arginine-rich Peptide, and Lactoferricin B, by Using Escherichia coli Proteome Microarrays*

  2016cited by this paper
• How Membrane-Active Peptides Get into Lipid Membranes.

  2016cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial Peptide Simulations and the Influence of Force Field on the Free Energy for Pore Formation in Lipid Bilayers.

  2016cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial peptides.

  2016cited by this paper
• Membrane–drug interactions studied using model membrane systems

  2015cited by this paper
• The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 2: management strategies and new agents.

  2015cited by this paper
• Critical aspects of using bacterial cell viability assays with the fluorophores SYTO9 and propidium iodide

  2015cited by this paper
• Bacteria May Cope Differently from Similar Membrane Damage Caused by the Australian Tree Frog Antimicrobial Peptide Maculatin 1.1*

  2015influential reference
• The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats.

  2015cited by this paper
• Monitoring antibacterial permeabilization in real time using time-resolved flow cytometry.

  2015cited by this paper
• Choose Your Label Wisely: Water-Soluble Fluorophores Often Interact with Lipid Bilayers

  2014cited by this paper
• Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Promote Microbial Mutagenesis and Pathoadaptation in Chronic Infections

  2014influential reference
• Dye-release assay for investigation of antimicrobial peptide activity in a competitive lipid environment

  2014cited by this paper
• Medicago truncatula symbiotic peptide NCR247 contributes to bacteroid differentiation through multiple mechanisms

  2014cited by this paper
• Ramoplanin at Bactericidal Concentrations Induces Bacterial Membrane Depolarization in Staphylococcus aureus

  2014cited by this paper
• Old and New Glycopeptide Antibiotics: Action and Resistance

  2014cited by this paper
• The Antimicrobial Activity of Sub3 is Dependent on Membrane Binding and Cell‐Penetrating Ability

  2013cited by this paper
• Bacteriocin AS-48 binding to model membranes and pore formation as revealed by coarse-grained simulations.

  2013cited by this paper
• Design and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides, R-BP100 and RW-BP100, with activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

  2013cited by this paper
• Bacterial membrane lipids in the action of antimicrobial agents

  2011cited by this paper
• Selective Membrane Disruption: Mode of Action of C16G2, a Specifically Targeted Antimicrobial Peptide

  2011cited by this paper
• Electroporation of the E. coli and S. Aureus membranes: molecular dynamics simulations of complex bacterial membranes.

  2011cited by this paper
• Short native antimicrobial peptides and engineered ultrashort lipopeptides: similarities and differences in cell specificities and modes of action

  2011cited by this paper
• Damage of the Bacterial Cell Envelope by Antimicrobial Peptides Gramicidin S and PGLa as Revealed by Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy

  2010cited by this paper
• Interactions of antimicrobial peptide from C-terminus of myotoxin II with phospholipid mono- and bilayers.

  2009cited by this paper
• Rapid and Reliable Detection of Antimicrobial Peptide Penetration into Gram-Negative Bacteria Based on Fluorescence Quenching

  2009cited by this paper
• The Biological Activity of the Prototypic Cyclotide Kalata B1 Is Modulated by the Formation of Multimeric Pores*

  2009cited by this paper
• Broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides by rational combinatorial design and high-throughput screening: the importance of interfacial activity.

  2009cited by this paper
• A library of linear undecapeptides with bactericidal activity against phytopathogenic bacteria.

  2007cited by this paper
• Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) for detecting protein–nucleic acid interactions

  2007influential reference
• Alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides--using a sequence template to guide structure-activity relationship studies.

  2006cited by this paper
• Fluorescent dyes alter intracellular targeting and function of cell‐penetrating tetrapeptides

  2005cited by this paper
• Engineering stable peptide toxins by means of backbone cyclization: stabilization of the alpha-conotoxin MII.

  2005cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial peptides: pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria?

  2005cited by this paper
• Direct visualization of membrane leakage induced by the antibiotic peptides: maculatin, citropin, and aurein.

  2005cited by this paper
• Structural and DNA-binding studies on the bovine antimicrobial peptide, indolicidin: evidence for multiple conformations involved in binding to membranes and DNA

  2005cited by this paper
• Partial D-amino acid substitution: Improved enzymatic stability and preserved Ab recognition of a MUC2 epitope peptide.

  2005cited by this paper
• Re‐evaluating the role of strongly charged sequences in amphipathic cell‐penetrating peptides

  2005cited by this paper
• Mechanism and use of the commercially available viability stain, BacLight

  2004cited by this paper
• Effects of single D-amino acid substitutions on disruption of beta-sheet structure and hydrophobicity in cyclic 14-residue antimicrobial peptide analogs related to gramicidin S.

  2004cited by this paper
• Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Peptide Action and Resistance

  2003cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms

  2002influential reference
• The role of cationic antimicrobial peptides in innate host defences.

  2000cited by this paper
• An All-Hydrocarbon Cross-Linking System for Enhancing the Helicity and Metabolic Stability of Peptides

  2000cited by this paper
• Mechanism of interaction of different classes of cationic antimicrobial peptides with planar bilayers and with the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli.

  1999cited by this paper
• Mechanism of action of the antimicrobial peptide buforin II: buforin II kills microorganisms by penetrating the cell membrane and inhibiting cellular functions.

  1998cited by this paper
• Bacterial viability and antibiotic susceptibility testing with SYTOX green nucleic acid stain

  1997cited by this paper

• Endoperoxides in combating bacterial infections: synthetic pathways, mechanism, biological activity and mode of action

  2026cites this paper
• Integrating Computational and Experimental Approaches for the Discovery of Multifunctional Peptides from the Marine Gastropod Pisania pusio with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties

  2026cites this paper
• Dual-Target Antimicrobial Strategy Combining Cell-Penetrating Protamine Peptides and Membrane-Active ε-Poly-L-lysine

  2026cites this paper
• Potential Complementary Modulation of Rumen Fermentation and Lipid Metabolism in Sheep: A Hypothesis Framework for Fermented Chinese Chive Juice and Black Soldier Fly-Derived Fatty Acids.

  2026cites this paper
• A 2026 Update on Computational Approaches to the Discovery and Design of Antimicrobial Peptides.

  2026cites this paper
• Differential membrane lipid disruption by lipopeptide antibiotics, colistin and turnercyclamycins

  2026cites this paper
• Enhancing post-harvest quality of Red Globe grapes using fermented cheese whey edible coatings

  2026cites this paper
• Antimicrobial Peptides From Diversified Biological Resources Unveiling Platforms as Therapeutic Scaffold Against the Superbugs—A Review

  2026cites this paper
• Effect of the antimicrobial peptide BmKn2-7 in inhibiting Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its role in improving microbiota, immunity and Vibrio resistance in Litopenaeus vannamei

  2026cites this paper
• Lactic Acid Bacteria-derived Bacteriocins: A Promising Antimicrobial Strategy against Multidrug-resistant for Neonatal Sepsis Pathogens.

  2026cites this paper
• Mechanistic Insights into Human Defensin Antimicrobial Activity from Membrane Simulations

  2026cites this paper
• Phage Display-Derived Peptides Have Neutralizing Activities Against Biofilm Formation by Candida albicans, Candidozyma auris and Candida parapsilosis.

  2026cites this paper
• Antimicrobial peptides act as a component of brain immunity against microbes in Alzheimer's disease.

  2026cites this paper
• Dap-modified antimicrobial peptides exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activity and potential for bacterial infection therapy.

  2026cites this paper
• A comprehensive review of classification, mechanisms, application and future prospects for antimicrobial peptides

  2026cites this paper
• Use of microalgae in poultry farming: an alternative to reduce antibiotic dependence and improve meat and egg quality

  2026cites this paper
• Selective Interaction of the Antimicrobial Peptide RKW with Bacterial Lipid Bilayers: A Biophysical Approach.

  2026cites this paper
• Targeted Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Mimics Combat Staphylococcus aureus Infections.

  2026cites this paper
• Assessing the Effect of Substitution of Arginine with Homoarginine in Two Antimicrobial Peptides

  2026cites this paper
• Advanced antimicrobial peptide-based biomaterials for food safety applications

  2026cites this paper
• Nature-inspired designing of KLR- and KLS-rich antimicrobial peptides: unleashing the antibiofilm potential of RbP12 against MDR S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

  2025cites this paper
• Identification of Antimicrobial Peptides from Nibribacter radioresistens, a UV and Gamma Radiation Tolerant Bacterium

  2025cites this paper
• Recent Advances in the Extraction, Structural Characterization, Mechanisms and Food Applications of Plant-Derived Peptides

  2025cites this paper
• A century-old fight against Huanglongbing with antimicrobial peptides opening the door to citrus health

  2025cites this paper
• Computational analysis of antimicrobial peptides targeting key receptors in infection-related cardiovascular diseases: molecular docking and dynamics insights

  2025cites this paper
• A Bioinspired Mastoparan Exhibits Concentration-Dependent Anti-Bacterial Activity via Membrane Disruption

  2025cites this paper
• Molecular dynamics study of the helix-to-disorder transition in short antimicrobial peptides from Urodacus yaschenkoi

  2025cites this paper
• Testing antimicrobial peptides inhibiting protein synthesis in living E. coli and K. pneumoniae using bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino-acid tagging

  2025cites this paper
• Plant Antimicrobial Compounds and Their Mechanisms of Action on Spoilage and Pathogenic Bacteria: A Bibliometric Study and Literature Review

  2025cites this paper
• Self-Assembling Nucleopeptides Exhibiting Strong Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Clinically Isolated Strains and In Vitro Wound Healing Compatibility.

  2025cites this paper
• Effects of Composite Antimicrobial Peptides on Colonic Microbiota and Barrier Integrity in Holstein Steers.

  2025cites this paper
• Lauric acid conjugated ureido derivatives of 2-(4-aminopiperidin-4-yl)acetic acid (β3,3-Pip): Overcoming Resistance and Outperforming Standard Antibacterials

  2025cites this paper
• Machine learning assisted classification of cell and brain penetrating peptides

  2025cites this paper
• Antimicrobial peptides can substitute antibiotics to control bacterial growth in cultivated meat production without compromising myogenic potential.

  2025cites this paper
• Expanding horizon of antimicrobial peptides: mechanistic complexity and biomedical potential

  2025cites this paper
• A Potential Novel Antimicrobial Peptide for Staphylococcus Infection in Skin

  2025cites this paper
• Antimicrobial Peptides and Laying Hens Farming: A Review to Analyze the Improvement of the Animal Performance, Health, and Egg Quality

  2025influential citation
• A Scoping Review of Snail Antibacterial Peptides and Proteins: From Natural Defence to Translational Prospects.

  2025cites this paper
• Therapeutic potential, antimicrobial activity against acne-causing bacteria, and modes of action of WKK10 and WRR10, novel cationic antimicrobial peptides.

  2025cites this paper
• Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and in silico mechanistic study of linear bacicylin analogs

  2025cites this paper
• Crosstalk Between Intestinal Microbiota and Host Defense Peptides in Fish

  2025cites this paper
• C-Terminal Modification Contributes the Antibacterial Activity of a Cecropin-like Region of Heteroscorpine-1 from Scorpion Venom

  2025cites this paper
• Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of polyethyleneimine-modified polydopamine nanoparticles on a burn-injured skin model.

  2025cites this paper
• Sustainable biosynthesis, physiochemical characterization, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial evaluation of novel chromium oxide nanoparticles

  2025cites this paper
• Bacterial peptide antibiotics: A comprehensive review on biosynthesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential

  2025cites this paper
• In-depth evaluation of the antifungal effect of melittin against Candida albicans and therapeutic prospecting in a rat model of vulvovaginal candidiasis

  2025cites this paper
• Antimicrobial Peptides for Food Protection: Leveraging Edible Mushrooms and Nano-Innovation

  2025cites this paper
• Beyond the "2 + 2 Pharmacophore" Electronic and Hydrophobic Effects Control the Activity of Cationic Amphiphilic Antimicrobial 2,5-Diketopiperazines.

  2025cites this paper
• The potential of the CaDef2.1G27-K44 bioinspired peptide to control bacterial disease in Capsicum with a focus on Xanthomonas euvesicatoria

  2025cites this paper
• In-vitro analysis of biofilm formation and synergistic antibiotic-phage therapy for amoxicillin-resistant Escherichia coli

  2025cites this paper
• Cytotoxicity and Antiplatelet Activity of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides of the Medicinal Leech Hirudo Medicinalis

  2025cites this paper
• Zwitterionic hydrogels as antibiofouling, adhesive coatings: Effects of gelatin methacrylate crosslinking on physicochemical, mechanical, and adhesive properties

  2025cites this paper
• Identification of Novel TAT-I24-Related Peptides with Antiviral Activities

  2025cites this paper
• Gb-Piscidin: A Novel Antimicrobial and Immunostimulant Peptide from Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) - Identification, Tissue-Specific Expression, Recombinant Production, and Biological Evaluation.

  2025cites this paper
• Olive Leaf Protein Hydrolysate as a Novel Source of Antimicrobial Peptides: Peptidomic Characterization and In Silico Evaluation

  2025cites this paper
• Antibacterial activity and mechanism of Myxin from Lysobacter antibioticus against Xanthomonas fragariae

  2025cites this paper
• Fatty acid profile and bio-preservative efficacy of lactic acid bacteria postbiotics for improving microbiological safety in broiler meat

  2025cites this paper
• Deciphering the molecular roles of antimicrobial peptides in plant innate immunity and their potential applications in crop protection.

  2025cites this paper
• Bioactive peptides in Endodontic infections: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.

  2025cites this paper
• Microbial Metabolites: A Sustainable Approach to Combat Plant Pests

  2025cites this paper
• Rubus caesius L. (European Dewberry) Extracts as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy Against MRSA Strains

  2025cites this paper
• D-enantiomeric antibiofilm peptides effective against anaerobic Cutibacterium acnes biofilm

  2025cites this paper
• Development and antibacterial evaluation of oxazolidinone derivatives with a substituted N-methylglycyl C-ring moiety

  2025cites this paper
• Next generation sequencing identified bio-active peptides: Evaluation of its in vitro, in vivo and in silico anti-inflammatory activities

  2025cites this paper
• Liquid crystal-aqueous interface renders selective detection of distinct mycobacterial cell envelope responses.

  2025cites this paper
• The Discovery, Characterization, and Quantification of Bioactive Peptides Contained in Palbio Porcine Intestinal Mucosa Hydrolysate Products

  2025cites this paper
• Whey protein hydrolysates enhance grapevine resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses

  2025cites this paper
• Peptide generative design with weakly order-dependent autoregressive language model and lifelong learning

  2025cites this paper
• Revolutionizing agroindustry: Towards the industrial application of antimicrobial peptides against pathogens and pests.

  2025cites this paper
• Cholesterol Affects the Pore Formation and the Membrane–Membrane Interaction Induced by an Antimicrobial Peptide, NK-2, in Phospholipid Vesicles

  2025cites this paper
• Amphibian-Derived Cathelicidin-DM and Cathelicidin-BG: Recombinant Overexpression in Escherichia coli and Comparison of Their Structures and Antimicrobial Activities

  2025cites this paper
• High Throughput Meta-analysis of Antimicrobial Peptides for Characterizing Class Specific Therapeutic Candidates: An In Silico Approach

  2025cites this paper
• Polysaccharide-Encapsulated Lauraceae Extract Complex Coating Conferring Antimicrobial Properties to Polypropylene Surfaces

  2025cites this paper
• Antimicrobial Peptides from Earthworms: Emerging Candidates for Novel Therapeutic Applications.

  2025cites this paper
• Tailoring Self‐Assembled Peptide Hydrogels with Antimicrobial or Cell Adhesive Properties for Tissue Engineering

  2025cites this paper
• Nutraceutical potential of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne pulp extract.

  2025cites this paper
• A fish-specific antimicrobial peptide MsPiscidin2 inactivates MSRV and confers protection in largemouth bass

  2025cites this paper
• The Invertebrate-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide Cm-p5 Induces Cell Death and ROS Production in Melanoma Cells

  2025cites this paper
• Novel Tryptophyllin Peptides from Physalaemus centralis Inhibit Oxidative Stress-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Rat Aorta Preparation.

  2025cites this paper
• A Comprehensive Overview of Antibacterial Agents for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: The Current Landscape, Development, Future Opportunities, and Challenges

  2025cites this paper
• Scorpion venom peptide S6540 induces caspase-independent apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.

  2025cites this paper
• Deep‐Learning Driven Identification of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides

  2025cites this paper
• Unmasking MRSA’s Armor: Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance and Pioneering Therapeutic Countermeasures

  2025cites this paper
• Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Potential of the γ-Core Motif Peptides of Filipendula ulmaria for Practical Applications in Agriculture and Medicine

  2025cites this paper
• Design of multimodal antibiotics using deep learning

  2025cites this paper
• Interactions of Galleria mellonella Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides with Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

  2025cites this paper
• Latex of medicinal plants: a reservoir of antimicrobial peptides, proteins, and enzymes for drug discovery

  2025cites this paper
• Antimicrobial and ADME properties of methoxylated, methylated and nitrated 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1 carboxanilides

  2025cites this paper
• Differential responses of Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2 to plant extracts and implications for endophytic interactions within different host plants

  2025cites this paper
• Functional analysis and modification of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) from the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense and preparation of a novel ShALF6-2 K-AgNPs complex.

  2025cites this paper
• Investigating the Therapeutic Ability of Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Dendropsophin 1 and Its Analogues through Membrane Disruption and Monomeric Pore Formation.

  2025cites this paper
• Machine learning-driven discovery of highly selective antifungal peptides containing non-canonical β-amino acids

  2025cites this paper
• Potential health benefits of lactoferrin and derived peptides – how to qualify as a medical device?

  2025cites this paper
• Agroindustrial Plant Wastes: Novel Source of Antimicrobial Peptides

  2025cites this paper
• Highlighting the Potential of LyeTx I, a Peptide Derived from the Venom of the Spider Lycosa erythrognatha, as a Potential Prototype for the Development of a New Antimicrobial Against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

  2025influential citation
• Disclose ATP-synthase as a protein target of the antimicrobial peptide RiLK1 in Escherichia coli: An alternative receptor-mediated bactericidal mechanism.

  2025cites this paper
• Molecular Modelling in Bioactive Peptide Discovery and Characterisation

  2025cites this paper
• The potential of classical antibacterial peptides in mammalian antiviral chemotherapy

  2025cites this paper
• Applications of antimicrobial peptides in plant pest and disease control

  2025cites this paper
• In-silico and In-vitro screening of phytoconstituents from Cassia absus as potential inhibitors of MraY/MurG - the key bacterial cell wall biosynthesis enzymes

  2025cites this paper