Gender differences in emotional response to the COVID‐19 outbreak in Spain

We aim to explore the differential presence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and acute stress between men and women during the COVID‐19 outbreak, and to study the relationship between these symptoms and two environmental variables, coexistence, and violence.

• Publication year

  2020

• Venue

  Brain and Behavior

• Publication date

  2020-12-11

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Environmental Science, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1002/brb3.1934PMID 33305891PMCID 7821629
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Women worry about family, men about the economy: Gender differences in emotional responses to COVID-19

  2020cited by this paper
• Gender differences in emotional response to the COVID‐19 outbreak in Spain

  2020cited by this paper
• The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020

  2020cited by this paper
• The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China./ 新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病学特征分析

  2020cited by this paper
• Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

  2020cited by this paper
• Mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers

  2020cited by this paper
• Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter

  2020cited by this paper
• Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe

  2020influential reference
• #lockdown: network-enhanced emotional profiling at the times of COVID-19

  2020cited by this paper
• Sex and Gender Differences in Health: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach Us

  2020cited by this paper
• Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

  2020cited by this paper
• Sex‐specific mechanisms for responding to stress

  2017cited by this paper
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

  2015cited by this paper
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

  2013cited by this paper
• Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: a quantitative review of 25 years of research.

  2006cited by this paper
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Healthcare Workers

  2004cited by this paper
• [Validation of the Spanish versions of the Montgomery-Asberg depression and Hamilton anxiety rating scales].

  2002cited by this paper
• Validación de las versiones en español de la Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale y la Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale para la evaluación de la depresión y de la ansiedad

  2002cited by this paper
• Life-events and post-traumatic stress in a sample of English adolescents

  2000cited by this paper
• Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey.

  1995cited by this paper
• Rating scales for mood disorders: Applicability, Consistency and construct validity

  1988influential reference
• The assessment of anxiety states by rating.

  1959cited by this paper

• Tracking everyday emotional experiences in university students with the distinct mood assessment questionnaire

  2026cites this paper
• Sociodemographic and medical correlates of fertility-related quality of life in primary infertile Czech couples attending fertility clinics

  2026cites this paper
• Epigenetic age predicts depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: importance of biological sex

  2025cites this paper
• The Influence of Anxiety During The COVID-19 Pandemic on The Selection of Nutritional Supplements

  2025cites this paper
• Attitudes of emergency healthcare workers on electric vehicle accidents: a descriptive study

  2025cites this paper
• The Role of Sex Differences in the Link Between Emotion Regulation and Psychological Well-Being During a Major Mental Health Crisis

  2025cites this paper
• Longitudinal analysis of post-COVID-19 surge in hospital admissions for suicide attempts: A five-year study of pandemic and post-pandemic trends.

  2025cites this paper
• A global survey on the associations between the lockdown group, free memory recall and emotional responses during the COVID-19 lockdown

  2025cites this paper
• Stuck or protected? COVID‐19 policy stringency and depressive emotions in urban China

  2025cites this paper
• Wearing a “Mask at Work:” The Performativity of Female Leadership in Contemporary Organizations

  2025cites this paper
• Does Pet Attachment Affect Men’s Psychological Well-Being, Loneliness, and Perceived Social Support? A Cross-Sectional Analysis During the COVID-19 Crisis

  2025cites this paper
• Emotion recognition systems with electrodermal activity: From affective science to affective computing

  2025cites this paper
• Sex Differences in Elderly Multiple Sclerosis Patients Undergoing Neurorehabilitation: How Many Things are Taken for Granted? A Retrospective Study

  2025cites this paper
• University students’ resilience in post-pandemic period: a socio-ecological perspective

  2025cites this paper
• Our lifestyles are back to ‘normal’, but is our mental health? Longitudinal assessment of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among Spanish adults: April 2021 to August 2022

  2024cites this paper
• The Social and Biomedical Hurdles Associated with COVID-19: Eclectic Contexts

  2024cites this paper
• Gender Differences in Academic Staff Performance: An Advanced Analysis Using PLS-SEM in Higher Education

  2024influential citation
• Students' mental health during the pandemic: results of the observational cross-sectional COVID-19 MEntal health inTernational for university Students (COMET-S) study

  2024cites this paper
• Mid-to-Late-Life Anxiety and Sleep during Initial Phase of COVID-19: Age- and Sex-Specific Insights to Inform Future Pandemic Healthcare

  2024cites this paper
• Rumination and Gender in the Relation Between Perceived Threat and State Anxiety During COVID-19

  2024cites this paper
• Predictors of COVID-Related stress in a community sample in Turkey: a cross-sectional study

  2024cites this paper
• Gender Violence During the Three Ages of Life and the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review

  2024cites this paper
• Prolonged increase in psychotropic drug use among young women following the COVID-19 pandemic: a French nationwide retrospective study

  2024cites this paper
• Gender and Race Differences in Mental Health and Well-Being Among Older Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic

  2024cites this paper
• College Student Coping Strategies During COVID-19: Differences Across Gender, Ethnicity, and Academic Level

  2024cites this paper
• Impact of COVID-19 Infection and Related Social Concerns on Depressive Symptoms: Mediating Effects of Negative Changes in Daily Life and Moderating Effects of Age and Gender

  2024cites this paper
• Relationship between Positive Self-esteem, Gender and Social Anxiety among College Students during the Pandemic

  2024cites this paper
• Social Determinants as Mediators of the Emotional State of People With Type 2 Diabetes and/or Hypertension During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Ecuador and Spain

  2024cites this paper
• afectación psicológica en estudiantes universitarios durante la cuarentena por Covid-19

  2024cites this paper
• Perfil de saúde mental dos professores universitários de instituições públicas mato-grossenses durante a pandemia da COVID-19.

  2024cites this paper
• Women's mental health and COVID-19: increased vulnerability and inequalities

  2024cites this paper
• Understanding the Dynamics of Domestic Violence During the First Year of the Pandemic: An Integrative Review

  2024cites this paper
• Preliminary Study on Gender Differences in EEG-Based Emotional Responses in Virtual Architectural Environments

  2024cites this paper
• Antidepressants and COVID-19: Increased use, occurrence in water and effects and consequences on aquatic environment. A review.

  2024cites this paper
• Improving youth well-being and social integration: the role of leisure in organized public spaces in Kazakhstan

  2024cites this paper
• Effect of the pandemic on stress perception of nursing students during clinical internships: A cross-sectional study

  2023cites this paper
• Gender Differences in Coping and Psychological Adaptation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

  2023cites this paper
• Gender and disruptions in family routines and stress amid COVID-19

  2023cites this paper
• Perspectives of Patients With Orthopedic Trauma on Fully Automated Digital Physical Activity Measurement at Home: Cross-sectional Survey Study

  2023cites this paper
• Pinkwashing and mansplaining: individual and organizational experiences of gender inequality at work during the COVID-19 pandemic

  2023cites this paper
• The relationship between coping and distress among faculty members and students during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: The moderating effect of gender

  2023cites this paper
• Anxiety, depression, and stress in youth during lockdown: differences between clinical and community samples

  2023cites this paper
• Profiles of risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis

  2023cites this paper
• PROFILES OF RISK FACTORS FOR DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS 1 Highlights

  2023cites this paper
• No man is an island: Men living alone during COVID ‐19 report lower need satisfaction and well‐being

  2023cites this paper
• Psychological health among older adult women in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic

  2023cites this paper
• Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Among Young U.S. Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

  2023cites this paper
• Correlates of stress are interactive and not unidimensional: Evidence from U.S. college students early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

  2023cites this paper
• Enhancing purchase intentions among young consumers in a live-streaming shopping environment using relational bonds: are there differences between “buyers” and “non-buyers”?

  2023cites this paper
• The Impact of COVID-19 on Social Anxiety and Rejection Sensitivity

  2023cites this paper
• Factors affecting decreased physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: an age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched study

  2023cites this paper
• Gender differences in mental health outcomes during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in South Africa

  2023cites this paper
• Attitudes and practices toward COVID‐19 precautionary measures: A comparative study of health professionals and public

  2023cites this paper
• The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on the body mass index of people living with obesity: A UK retrospective cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

  2023cites this paper
• Living alone is related to depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic

  2023cites this paper
• Psychological Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression Among University Students During First Phase of COVID-19 Movement Control Order in Malaysia

  2023cites this paper
• Influence of gender identity on the adoption of religious-spiritual, preventive and emotion-focused coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

  2023cites this paper
• Repercusiones de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental de docentes universitarios

  2023cites this paper
• PREGNANCY FACTORS OF ANXIETY IN PREGNANT MOTHERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

  2022cites this paper
• Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Italy Using Real-World Data: Methodology and Cohort Description of the Second Phase of Web-Based EPICOVID19 Study

  2022cites this paper
• A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia in Spain in the COVID-19 Crisis

  2022cites this paper
• A Qualitative Insight Into Factors Pertaining to Alcohol Consumption Among Young Adult Women During the COVID-19 Outbreak

  2022cites this paper
• Pandemic a year later: dynamics of mental state in conditions of uncertainty

  2022cites this paper
• Mobility restrictions and mental health among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador

  2022cites this paper
• Anxiety Linked to COVID-19: A Systematic Review Comparing Anxiety Rates in Different Populations

  2022influential citation
• Gender Differences in Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms During the First Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Latin America and the Caribbean

  2022cites this paper
• Gender Difference in Psychological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Patterns Among University Students During COVID-19: A Machine Learning Approach

  2022cites this paper
• Stress appraisal as a mediator between the sense of coherence and the frequency of stress coping strategies in women and men during COVID‐19 lockdown

  2022cites this paper
• A Qualitative Study of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Sample of Patients With Chronic Pain

  2022cites this paper
• Estado emocional e coping em estudantes universitários no confinamento provocado pela COVID-19

  2022cites this paper
• Gender differences in bodyweight change following COVID-19 lockdown measures in the Netherlands: a prospective longitudinal study

  2022cites this paper
• The Fear of COVID-19: Gender Differences among Italian Health Volunteers

  2022cites this paper
• Spotlight on the gendered impacts of COVID-19 in Australia: a gender matrix analysis

  2022cites this paper
• Perceived Social Support and Psychological Distress among Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19

  2022cites this paper
• The Pandemic Anxiety Inventory: A validation study

  2022cites this paper
• What about mental health after one year of COVID-19 pandemic? A comparison with the initial peak

  2022cites this paper
• Prediction of Global Psychological Stress and Coping Induced by the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Machine Learning Study

  2022cites this paper
• Systematic review of mental health symptom changes by sex or gender in early-COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic

  2022cites this paper
• The role of psychosocial factors in explaining sex differences in major depression and generalized anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic

  2022cites this paper
• Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress among frontline healthcare workers at COVID-19 isolation sites in Gaborone, Botswana

  2022cites this paper
• Lonely at Home: Exploring Factors Associated with Loneliness Among Female Students at Home During COVID-19 Lockdown in India

  2022cites this paper
• Short report: COVID-19 related knowledge, anxiety, and attitude towards the back-to-school arrangement among college students in China: a cross-sectional study.

  2022cites this paper
• Understanding the relationship between perceived stress, academic motivation, and physical activity in college students during the coronavirus pandemic

  2022cites this paper
• Predictors of Perceived Stress and Quality of Life among Women during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Study from Karaj, Iran

  2022cites this paper
• The relationship between gender, marital status and depression among Chinese middle-aged and older people: Mediation by subjective well-being and moderation by degree of digitization

  2022cites this paper
• Factor structure of the 10‐item CES‐D Scale among patients with persistent COVID‐19

  2022cites this paper
• A multicenter international prospective study of the validity and reliability of a COVID-19-specific health-related quality of life questionnaire

  2022cites this paper
• Predictors of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among Female University Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

  2022cites this paper
• The Role of Organizational Cynicism and Covid-19 Anxiety in Predictions of School Counselors and Teachers’ Technostress

  2022cites this paper
• Does Fear of COVID-19 Prolongation Lead to Future Career Anxiety Among Adolescents? The Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms

  2022cites this paper
• Experience of COVID-19 disease and fear of the SARS-CoV-2 virus among Polish students

  2022cites this paper
• COVID-19: Ramifications and Effects on University Healthcare Students.

  2022cites this paper
• Mobility restrictions and mental health among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador

  2022cites this paper
• Sleep quality and associated factors in the context of COVID-19, among prehospital emergency personnel, in North-Eastern Greece.

  2021cites this paper
• Comparison of Mental Health Symptom Changes from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 by Sex or Gender: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  2021cites this paper
• Living in the “Bubble”: Athletes' Psychological Profile During the Sambo World Championship

  2021cites this paper
• The Impact of Quarantine on Emotions during the COVID-19 Pandemic

  2021cites this paper
• Effects of mobility restrictions on mental health among young adults in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study

  2021cites this paper
• Psychological Distress, Fear of COVID-19, and Resilient Coping Abilities among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary First-Line Hospital during the Coronavirus Pandemic

  2021cites this paper
• The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Providers in Obstetrics: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

  2021cites this paper