Hormetic dose-response relationships in immunology: occurrence, quantitative features of the dose response, mechanistic foundations, and clinical implications.

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2005

• Venue

  Critical Reviews in Toxicology

• Publication date

  Unknown publication date

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1080/10408440590917053PMID 15839378
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Enhancing effect of clofazimine (B663) on the phagocytosis of neutrophilic leucocytes in vitro.

  2009cited by this paper
• Effect of alcohol on chemotaxis, adherence and phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

  2009cited by this paper
• Delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin in rats: effects of antirheumatic drugs.

  2009cited by this paper
• In vitro modulation of human neutrophil chemotaxis by cis(Z)- and trans(E)-clopenthixol, and chlorpromazine.

  2009cited by this paper
• PAF-acether modifies human peritoneal macrophage cAMP levels in a biphasic fashion

  2005cited by this paper
• Effects of agricultural pesticides on the immune system of Xenopus laevis and Rana pipiens.

  2004cited by this paper
• Neutrophil defensins enhance lung epithelial wound closure and mucin gene expression in vitro.

  2004cited by this paper
• Allicin stimulates lymphocytes and elicits an antitumor effect: a possible role of p21ras.

  2004cited by this paper
• Concentration-dependent bifunctional effect of TGF-beta 1 on immunoglobulin production: a role for Smad3 in IgA production in vitro.

  2003cited by this paper
• Nonlinear Dose-Response Relationship in the Immune System following Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Mechanisms and Implications

  2003cited by this paper
• The hormetic dose-response model is more common than the threshold model in toxicology.

  2003cited by this paper
• Immunomodulating effects of tofizopam (Grandaxin) and diazepam in vitro.

  2002cited by this paper
• Phagocytic activity of marine and freshwater bivalves: in vitro exposure of hemocytes to metals (Ag, Cd, Hg and Zn).

  2002cited by this paper
• Drinking beer reduces radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes.

  2002cited by this paper
• Human peripheral blood monocytes versus THP-1 monocytes for in vitro biocompatibility testing of dental material components.

  2002cited by this paper
• Differential secretion of cytokines and adhesion molecules by HUVEC stimulated with low concentrations of bleomycin.

  2002cited by this paper
• Hemin, a heme oxygenase substrate analog, both inhibits and enhances neutrophil random migration and chemotaxis

  2002cited by this paper
• In vitro effects of vanadate on human immune functions.

  2002cited by this paper
• Immunomodulatory effect of xylazine, an alpha(2) adrenergic agonist, on rat spleen cells in culture.

  2001cited by this paper
• Effects of resveratrol on human immune cell function.

  2001cited by this paper
• Participation of Ca2+/calmodulin during activation of rat neutrophils by polychlorinated biphenyls.

  2001cited by this paper
• The phagocytosis of rod outer segments is inhibited by selected drugs in retinal pigment epithelial cell cultures.

  2001cited by this paper
• The effect of 17beta-estradiol on production of cytokines in cultures of peripheral blood.

  2001cited by this paper
• In vitro studies on the immunomodulatory effects of extracts of Osbeckia aspera.

  2001cited by this paper
• Effect of gonadal steroids on proliferative responses and subset alterations in cultured chicken lymphocytes.

  2001cited by this paper
• LINOLEIC AND LINOLELAIDIC ACIDS DIFFERENTIALLY INFLUENCE PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS OF MOLT‐4 LEUKAEMIA CELLS

  2001cited by this paper
• Impaired sensitivity to beta 2 integrin-blocking in ICAM-1-mediated neutrophil migration in ulcerative colitis.

  2001cited by this paper
• IL‐1β and IL‐10 have dual effects on enteric glial cell proliferation

  2001cited by this paper
• Serotonin and Immune Response: Effect of the Amine on in vitro Proliferation of Rat Lymphocytes

  2001cited by this paper
• Effects of Methylprednisolone on Intracellular Bacterial Growth

  2001cited by this paper
• Agonist Concentration Gradients as a Generalizable Regulatory Implementation Strategy

  2001cited by this paper
• Apoptosis: Biphasic Dose Responses

  2001cited by this paper
• The frequency of U-shaped dose responses in the toxicological literature.

  2001cited by this paper
• Inhibition of oxidative burst and chemotaxis in human phagocytes by Legionella pneumophila zinc metalloprotease.

  2001cited by this paper
• Activation-induced mobilization of secretory vesicles in bovine neutrophils.

  2001cited by this paper
• Radiation hormesis: its historical foundations as a biological hypothesis

  2000cited by this paper
• Radiation hormesis: the demise of a legitimate hypothesis

  2000cited by this paper
• Inhibition of interleukin-8-activated human neutrophil chemotaxis by thapsigargin in a calcium- and cyclic AMP-dependent way.

  2000cited by this paper
• Chemical hormesis: its historical foundations as a biological hypothesis

  2000cited by this paper
• Tales of two similar hypotheses: the rise and fall of chemical and radiation hormesis

  2000cited by this paper
• In vitro immunomodulatory properties of tucaresol in HIV infection.

  2000cited by this paper
• TGF-beta 1 differentially regulates IL-2 expression and [3H]-thymidine incorporation in CD3 epsilon mAb- and CD28 mAb-activated splenocytes and thymocytes.

  2000cited by this paper
• Biological effects of natural and recombinant mistletoe lectin and an aqueous mistletoe extract on human monocytes and lymphocytes in vitro

  2000cited by this paper
• Garlic Induces a Shift in Cytokine Pattern in Leishmania major‐Infected BALB/c Mice

  2000cited by this paper
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone controls Concanavalin A activation of rat lymphocytes by modulating IL-2 production.

  2000cited by this paper
• Cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha enhance in vitro growth of bacteria.

  1999cited by this paper
• Effects of Cytokines and Endotoxin on the Intracellular Growth of Bacteria

  1999cited by this paper
• Effects of satratoxins and other macrocyclic trichothecenes on IL-2 production and viability of EL-4 thymoma cells.

  1999cited by this paper
• Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor.

  1999cited by this paper
• Effect of environmental pollutants on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by normal human dermal keratinocytes.

  1999cited by this paper
• Flow cytometry as a tool to monitor the disturbance of phagocytosis in the clam Mya arenaria hemocytes following in vitro exposure to heavy metals.

  1999cited by this paper
• Bleomycin stimulates lung fibroblasts to release neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity.

  1999cited by this paper
• The human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein increases cell proliferation, alters sensitivity to zinc chelator-induced apoptosis, and changes Sp1 DNA binding in HeLa cells.

  1999cited by this paper
• The Marginalization of Hormesis

  1999cited by this paper
• The suppression of metastases and the change in host immune response after low-dose total-body irradiation in tumor-bearing rats.

  1999cited by this paper
• The effect of thimerosal on neutrophil migration: a comparison with the effect on calcium mobilization and CD11b expression.

  1998cited by this paper
• Immunomodulatory action of class mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists in mice.

  1998cited by this paper
• Sodium azide enhances neutrophil migration and exocytosis: involvement of nitric oxide, cyclic GMP and calcium.

  1998cited by this paper
• N-acetylcysteine causes a transient stimulation of neutrophil migration.

  1998cited by this paper
• Immuno-, phagocytosis-modulating, and antitoxic properties of amino acids and peptide preparations.

  1998cited by this paper
• Fluoxetine action on murine T-lymphocyte proliferation: participation of PKC activation and calcium mobilisation.

  1998cited by this paper
• Novel Implications in the Development of Endometriosis: Biphasic Effect of Macrophage Activation on Peritoneal Tissue Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase‐1

  1998cited by this paper
• Modulation of murine lymphocyte functions by sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide.

  1998cited by this paper
• Effect of morphine on Fc-mediated phagocytosis by murine macrophages in vitro.

  1997cited by this paper
• A cyclic GMP- and G-kinase-dependent effect of azathioprine on migration by human neutrophils

  1997cited by this paper
• Effect of in vitro exposure to tributyltin on generation of oxygen metabolites by oyster hemocytes.

  1997cited by this paper
• Biphasic in vivo immune function after low- versus high-dose alcohol consumption.

  1997cited by this paper
• In vitro toxicity of trichothecenes on human erythroblastic progenitors

  1997cited by this paper
• The effect of pentoxifylline on human neutrophil migration: a possible role for cyclic nucleotides.

  1997cited by this paper
• Role of corticosterone in the enhancement of the antibody response after acute cocaine administration.

  1997cited by this paper
• Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 cells.

  1997cited by this paper
• Inhibitory effect of locally administered heparin on leukocyte rolling and chemoattractant‐induced firm adhesion in rat mesenteric venules in vivo

  1997cited by this paper
• Antiproliferative and immunosuppressive properties of microcolin A, a marine-derived lipopeptide.

  1997cited by this paper
• Immunomodulatory and protective effects of N-acetylcysteine in mitogen-activated murine splenocytes in vitro.

  1997cited by this paper
• Disruption of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance by cocaine is mediated by corticosterone.

  1997cited by this paper
• Heparin disaccharides inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages and arrest immune inflammation in rodents.

  1997cited by this paper
• Thymocyte apoptosis in response to low-dose radiation.

  1996cited by this paper
• The role of cyclic nucleotides in neutrophil migration.

  1996cited by this paper
• A comparative study of immunomodulation produced by in vitro exposure to delta opioid receptor agonist peptides.

  1996cited by this paper
• Modulation of neutrophil migration by exogenous gaseous nitric oxide

  1996cited by this paper
• Carbon monoxide enhances human neutrophil migration in a cyclic GMP-dependent way.

  1996cited by this paper
• Stimulatory effect of low dose X-irradiation on the expression of the human T lymphocyte CD2 surface antigen.

  1996cited by this paper
• Modulation of human neutrophil chemotaxis by the endothelin-B receptor agonist sarafotoxin S6c.

  1996cited by this paper
• Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on humoral and cell-mediated immunity in Sprague-Dawley rats.

  1996cited by this paper
• Atrial natriuretic factor stimulates migration by human neutrophils.

  1995cited by this paper
• Sensitivity of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to visible light.

  1995cited by this paper
• Gramicidin as a potential immunosuppressant for organ transplantation: suppression of human lymphocyte blastogenesis in vitro and prolongation of heart allograft survival in the rat.

  1995cited by this paper
• Stimulation and Inhibition of Neutrophil Chemotaxis by Endothelin‐3

  1995cited by this paper
• Corticosteroids class-dependently inhibit in vitro Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production.

  1995cited by this paper
• Effect of halofantrine and its desbutyl metabolite on lymphocyte proliferation dynamics.

  1995cited by this paper
• Selective modulation of immune function resulting from in vitro exposure to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy).

  1995cited by this paper
• Host resistance to Trichinella spiralis infection in rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).

  1995cited by this paper
• Hydrogen peroxide as a potent activator of T lymphocyte functions

  1995cited by this paper
• Serotonin upregulates mitogen-stimulated B lymphocyte proliferation through 5-HT1A receptors.

  1995cited by this paper
• Mercury induces in vivo and in vitro secretion of interleukin-1 in mice.

  1994cited by this paper
• Increased adhesion and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes to endothelial cells under heavy metal exposure in vitro.

  1994cited by this paper
• Bidirectional effects of interleukin-1 on immune responses in rhesus monkeys.

  1994cited by this paper
• Immunotoxicological investigation using pharmaceutical drugs: in vivo evaluation of immune effects.

  1994cited by this paper
• Relative sensitivities of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced Cyp1a-1 and Cyp1a-2 gene expression and immunotoxicity in female B6C3F1 mice.

  1994cited by this paper
• Cytokine production and DNA synthesis by Human peripheral Lymphocytes in response to Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic, and Linoleic acid

  1994cited by this paper

• The dose makes the poison: Plant toxin concentrations and herbivore immunity against pathogens and parasitoids.

  2025cites this paper
• Dose optimization of lymph node-targeted cyclosporine-A for lupus-driven vasculopathy.

  2025cites this paper
• Moderate nutritional stress reprogrammes insulin responses to drive enhanced starvation tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster

  2025cites this paper
• Host Cell Protein Clinical Safety Risk Assessment—An Updated Industry Review

  2025cites this paper
• Uncovering Non-Monotonic Antagonistic and Synergistic Combinations (UNMASC), a robust method with applications to T cell differentiation in vitro

  2025cites this paper
• Formononetin Targets TLR4/MyD88 Signaling to Attenuate Escherichia coli-Induced Sepsis: Integration of In Vivo, Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.

  2025cites this paper
• Developmental Immunotoxicity Study of Tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) in Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD® Rats Exposed Through Dosed Feed.

  2025cites this paper
• Current advances and future trends of hormesis in disease

  2024cites this paper
• Sex-specific associations between maternal prenatal inflammation and offspring cortical morphology in youth: A harmonised study across four birth cohorts.

  2024cites this paper
• Effect of water salinity on immature performance and lifespan of adult Asian tiger mosquito

  2024cites this paper
• How does motor performance change with increasing stress doses? A tutorial on dose-response profiles applied to crew rowing

  2023cites this paper
• Testing the hormesis hypothesis on motor behavior under stress.

  2023cites this paper
• The Effect of Cold-Water Hydrotherapy According to Sebastian Kneipp for Immune Stimulation: A Nonrandomized, Controlled, Explorative, Mixed-Methods Clinical Study

  2022cites this paper
• Hormesis: Transforming disciplines that rely on the dose response

  2021cites this paper
• Feeding partridges with organic or conventional grain triggers cascading effects in life-history traits.

  2021cites this paper
• The Intelligent Phenotypic Plasticity Platform (IP3) for Precision Medicine-Based Injury Prevention in Sport.

  2021cites this paper
• PLGA-Based Curcumin Delivery System: An Interesting Therapeutic Approach in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

  2021cites this paper
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents: An Approach to Prevent Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease

  2021cites this paper
• Biomimicked Biomaterials: Advances in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

  2020cites this paper
• Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular Outcome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Younger than 60 Years Old

  2020cites this paper
• Promoted Viability and Differentiated Phenotype of Cultured Chondrocytes With Low Level Laser Irradiation Potentiate Efficacious Cells for Therapeutics

  2020cites this paper
• Chemical Ecology of Choanoflagellates

  2020cites this paper
• Antifragility in Climbing: Determining Optimal Stress Loads for Athletic Performance Training

  2020cites this paper
• Simulation of Chronic Intoxication in Rats Exposed to Cadmium and Mercury

  2020cites this paper
• Facing Repeated Stressors in a Motor Task: Does it Enhance or Diminish Resilience?

  2020cites this paper
• Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines at Ultra-Low Dose Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effect In Vitro: A Possible Mode of Action Involving Sub-Micron Particles?

  2020cites this paper
• Quercetin negatively regulates IL-1β production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected human macrophages through the inhibition of MAPK/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways

  2020cites this paper
• Predicting Resilience Losses in Dyadic Team Performance.

  2020cites this paper
• Biocompatibility of Materials for Biomedical Engineering.

  2020cites this paper
• Effects of Eucalypt Plant Monoterpenes on Koala (Phascolarctos Cinereus) Cytokine Expression In Vitro

  2019cites this paper
• Numerous Paradoxes Explained by Bandwagoning

  2019cites this paper
• The Delta-Subunit Selective GABAA Receptor Modulator, DS2, Improves Stroke Recovery via an Anti-inflammatory Mechanism

  2019cites this paper
• Current and Future Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Inflammatory Dynamics in Metabolic Disorders

  2019cites this paper
• STIMULATING HAIR GROWTH VIA HORMESIS: Experimental Foundations and Clinical Implications.

  2019cites this paper
• Sperm motility is enhanced by Low Level Laser and Light Emitting Diode photobiomodulation with a dose-dependent response and differential effects in fresh and frozen samples.

  2018cites this paper
• Biphasic effects of THC in memory and cognition

  2018cites this paper
• Synergy Between Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides and Small Molecule Antibiotics Against Selected Gram-Negative Pathogens in vitro and in vivo

  2018cites this paper
• 2LARTH®, a micro-immunotherapy medicine, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and reduces TNF-α and IL-1β secretion

  2018cites this paper
• Effect of laser light on sperm motility

  2018cites this paper
• Age and Age-Related Diseases: Role of Inflammation Triggers and Cytokines

  2018cites this paper
• The role of hormesis in the functional performance and protection of neural systems

  2017cites this paper
• Antinociceptive effects of low‐level laser therapy at 3 and 8 j/cm2 in a rat model of postoperative pain: possible role of endogenous Opioids

  2017cites this paper
• Hormesis and Defense of Infectious Disease

  2017influential citation
• Treatment with grass allergen peptides improves symptoms of grass pollen–induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

  2017cites this paper
• The Ageing Immune System and Health

  2017cites this paper
• Low dose radiation response in the lungs and spleen

  2017cites this paper
• Ingested (oral) anti-IL-12/23 inhibits EAE.

  2016cites this paper
• Structured Development and Promotion of a Research Field: Hormesis in Biology, Toxicology, and Environmental Regulatory Science

  2015cites this paper
• LOWER LEVEL LASER THERAPY FOR PAIN MANAGEMENT: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

  2015cites this paper
• Hormetic effect of rotenone in primary human fibroblasts

  2015cites this paper
• Hormesis: principles and applications

  2015cites this paper
• Methodological issues in human studies of endocrine disrupting chemicals

  2015cites this paper
• Sigma receptors [σRs]: biology in normal and diseased states

  2015cites this paper
• n vitro anti-Leishmania infantum activity of essential oil from iper angustifolium auriane

  2015cites this paper
• Optimization and Technological Development Strategies of an Antimicrobial Extract from Achyrocline alata Assisted by Statistical Design

  2015cites this paper
• HORMESIS RESULTS IN TRADE-OFFS WITH IMMUNITY

  2014cites this paper
• Kis molekulatömegű szerves vízi szennyezőanyagok hatása a sejtadhézióra és migrációra - A sejtadhézió és migráció alkalmazhatósága ökotoxikológiai végpontként –

  2014cites this paper
• Oxidative Stress and Hormesis in Evolutionary Ecology and Physiology

  2014cites this paper
• Calcium Montmorillonite for the Mitigation of Aflatoxicosis and Gastrointestinal Inflammation

  2014cites this paper
• Growth and survival of pacific coho salmon smolts exposed as juveniles to pesticides within urban streams in western Washington, USA

  2014cites this paper
• Continuous low-dose infusion of tumor necrosis factor alpha in adipose tissue elevates adipose tissue interleukin 10 abundance and fails to alter metabolism in lactating dairy cows.

  2014cites this paper
• Antigen-Dependent Integration of Opposing Proximal TCR-Signaling Cascades Determines the Functional Fate of T Lymphocytes

  2014cites this paper
• The Roles of Acupuncture and Other Components of Integrative Medicine in Cataclysmic Natural Disasters and Military Conflicts

  2014cites this paper
• This information is current as Lymphocytes Determines the Functional Fate of T Proximal TCR-Signaling Cascades Antigen-Dependent Integration of Opposing

  2014cites this paper
• Hormesis: a fundamental concept in biology

  2014cites this paper
• Learning from both sides: Experiences and opportunities in the investigation of Australian aboriginal medicinal plants.

  2013cites this paper
• BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LOW LEVEL EXPOSURES TO IONIZING RADIATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE

  2013cites this paper
• Hormesis: its impact on medicine and health.

  2013cites this paper
• The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis

  2013cites this paper
• Risk-based indicators of Canadians’ exposures to environmental carcinogens

  2013cites this paper
• Hormetic mechanisms

  2013cites this paper
• Reduction of arthritic symptoms by low dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) is associated with an anti-inflammatory phenotype

  2013cites this paper
• The Origins of Pharmacology in the 16 th Century

  2013cites this paper
• Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology

  2012cites this paper
• Effects of the aquatic contaminant human pharmaceuticals and their mixtures on the proliferation and migratory responses of the bioindicator freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena.

  2012cites this paper
• Hormesis: improving predictions in the low-dose zone.

  2012cites this paper
• Hormesis: why it is important to biogerontologists

  2012influential citation
• The Role of X-Rays in the Treatment of Gas Gangrene: A Historical Assessment

  2012cites this paper
• Endocrine-immune interactions and the immunotoxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

  2012cites this paper
• Exploitation of the propulsive force of chemotherapy for improving the response to cancer immunotherapy

  2012cites this paper
• Fractal immunology and immune patterning: Potential tools for immune protection and optimization

  2011cites this paper
• In vivo activity of benzoyl ester clerodane diterpenoid derivatives from Dodonaea polyandra.

  2011cites this paper
• An investigation of design principles underlying repulsive and attractive gradient sensing and their switching.

  2011cites this paper
• Hormesis provides a generalized quantitative estimate of biological plasticity

  2011cites this paper
• Toxicity of the insect growth regulator lufenuron on the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin assessed by conidia germination speed parameter

  2011cites this paper
• Low-level laser therapy: a useful technique for enhancing the proliferation of various cultured cells

  2011cites this paper
• Ingested (oral) ACTH inhibits EAE.

  2011cites this paper
• Cellular Stress Responses, The Hormesis Paradigm, and Vitagenes: Novel Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Neurodegenerative Disorders

  2010cites this paper
• Hormesis is central to toxicology, pharmacology and risk assessment

  2010cites this paper
• Cancer immunotherapy by immunosuppression

  2010cites this paper
• Ingested Type I Interferon—State of the Art as Treatment for Autoimmunity Part 2

  2010cites this paper
• IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS UPON IN VITRO EXPOSURE OF CALIFORNIA SEA LION AND SOUTHERN SEA OTTER PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES TO DOMOIC ACID

  2010cites this paper
• What dose metaphor?

  2010cites this paper
• Ecological processes in a hormetic framework.

  2010cites this paper
• Immunotoxicological effects of a sub-chronic exposure to selected current-use pesticides in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

  2009cites this paper
• Effect of Ingested Interferon-α on β-Cell Function in Children With New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes

  2009cites this paper
• Biphasic Dose Response in Low Level Light Therapy

  2009cites this paper
• Interpreting ‘Dose-Response’ Curves using Homeodynamic Data: With an Improved Explanation for Hormesis

  2009cites this paper
• Hormetic Responses in Neural Systems: Consideration, Contexts, and Caveats

  2008cites this paper
• The managed immune system: protecting the womb to delay the tomb

  2008cites this paper