CRISPR ribonucleoprotein-mediated genetic engineering in plants

CRISPR-derived biotechnologies have revolutionized the genetic engineering field and have been widely applied in basic plant research and crop improvement. Commonly used Agrobacterium- or particle bombardment-mediated transformation approaches for the delivery of plasmid-encoded CRISPR reagents can result in the integration of exogenous recombinant DNA and potential off-target mutagenesis. Editing efficiency is also highly dependent on the design of the expression cassette and its genomic insertion site. Genetic engineering using CRISPR ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) has become an attractive approach with many advantages: DNA/transgene-free editing, minimal off-target effects, and reduced toxicity due to the rapid degradation of RNPs and the ability to titrate their dosage while maintaining high editing efficiency. Although RNP-mediated genetic engineering has been demonstrated in many plant species, its editing efficiency remains modest, and its application in many species is limited by difficulties in plant regeneration and selection. In this review, we summarize current developments and challenges in RNP-mediated genetic engineering of plants and provide future research directions to broaden the use of this technology.

• Publication year

  2021

• Venue

  Plant Communications

• Publication date

  2021-02-10

• Fields of study

  Biology, Agricultural and Food Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Science, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100168PMID 33898980PMCID 8060726
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Precise genome modification in tomato using an improved prime editing system

  2020cited by this paper
• Plant prime editors enable precise gene editing in rice cells.

  2020cited by this paper
• Efficient genome editing using CRISPR–Cas9 RNP delivery into cabbage protoplasts via electro-transfection

  2020influential reference
• A robust and practical CRISPR/crRNA screening system for soybean cultivar editing using LbCpf1 ribonucleoproteins

  2020cited by this paper
• Establishment of a PEG-mediated protoplast transformation system based on DNA and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes for banana

  2020cited by this paper
• Simultaneous targeting of duplicated genes in Petunia protoplasts for flower color modification via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

  2020cited by this paper
• A stable DNA-free screening system for CRISPR/RNPs-mediated gene editing in hot and sweet cultivars of Capsicum annuum

  2020influential reference
• Precision Breeding Made Real with CRISPR: Illustration through Genetic Resistance to Pathogens

  2020cited by this paper
• Reduced Enzymatic Browning in Potato Tubers by Specific Editing of a Polyphenol Oxidase Gene via Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 System

  2020cited by this paper
• Comparison of CRISPR-Cas9/Cas12a Ribonucleoprotein Complexes for Genome Editing Efficiency in the Rice Phytoene Desaturase (OsPDS) Gene

  2020influential reference
• PEG-Delivered CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins System for Gene-Editing Screening of Maize Protoplasts

  2020cited by this paper
• CRISPR-mediated engineering across the central dogma in plant biology for basic research and crop improvement.

  2020cited by this paper
• CRISPR–Cas12b enables efficient plant genome engineering

  2020cited by this paper
• [Genome editing in plants directed by CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein complexes].

  2020cited by this paper
• Prime genome editing in rice and wheat

  2020cited by this paper
• Engineering herbicide resistance via prime editing in rice

  2020cited by this paper
• Precise modifications of both exogenous and endogenous genes in rice by prime editing.

  2020cited by this paper
• No evidence for transient transformation via pollen magnetofection in several monocot species

  2020cited by this paper
• Development of Plant Prime-Editing Systems for Precise Genome Editing

  2020cited by this paper
• Vacuum/Compression Infiltration-mediated Permeation Pathway of a Peptide-pDNA Complex as a Non-Viral Carrier for Gene Delivery in Planta

  2019cited by this paper
• DNA-Free Genome Editing: Past, Present and Future

  2019cited by this paper
• High-frequency random DNA insertions upon co-delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and selectable marker plasmid in rice

  2019cited by this paper
• Plant gene editing through de novo induction of meristems

  2019cited by this paper
• Lipofection-mediated genome editing using DNA-free delivery of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein into plant cells

  2019cited by this paper
• DNA-free mutagenesis of GIGANTEA in Brassica oleracea var. capitata using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes

  2019cited by this paper
• The emerging and uncultivated potential of CRISPR technology in plant science

  2019cited by this paper
• Nanotechnology in Plant Science: To Make a Long Story Short

  2019cited by this paper
• Native protein delivery into rice callus using ionic complexes of protein and cell-penetrating peptides

  2019cited by this paper
• An efficient DNA- and selectable-marker-free genome-editing system using zygotes in rice

  2019cited by this paper
• Regeneration of Solanum tuberosum Plants from Protoplasts Induces Widespread Genome Instability[OPEN]

  2019cited by this paper
• CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing and Precision Plant Breeding in Agriculture.

  2019cited by this paper
• Site-specific manipulation of Arabidopsis loci using CRISPR-Cas9 SunTag systems

  2019cited by this paper
• Application of CRISPR-Cas12a temperature sensitivity for improved genome editing in rice, maize, and Arabidopsis

  2019cited by this paper
• DNA-Free Genome Editing of Brassica oleracea and B. rapa Protoplasts Using CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complexes

  2018cited by this paper
• Genome editing in potato via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery.

  2018cited by this paper
• Targeted DNA demethylation of the Arabidopsis genome using the human TET1 catalytic domain

  2018cited by this paper
• Precision genome engineering through adenine and cytosine base editing

  2018cited by this paper
• One-step generation of multiple gene knock-outs in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by DNA-free genome editing

  2018cited by this paper
• Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery towards Advancing Plant Genetic Engineering.

  2018cited by this paper
• CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein-mediated co-editing and counterselection in the rice blast fungus

  2018cited by this paper
• A large-scale whole-genome sequencing analysis reveals highly specific genome editing by both Cas9 and Cpf1 (Cas12a) nucleases in rice

  2018cited by this paper
• DNA Break Repair in Plants and Its Application for Genome Engineering.

  2018cited by this paper
• Genome-Scale Sequence Disruption Following Biolistic Transformation in Rice and Maize[OPEN]

  2018cited by this paper
• Activities and specificities of CRISPR/Cas9 and Cas12a nucleases for targeted mutagenesis in maize

  2018cited by this paper
• Genotyping genome‐edited mutations in plants using CRISPR ribonucleoprotein complexes

  2018cited by this paper
• Application of protoplast technology to CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis: from single‐cell mutation detection to mutant plant regeneration

  2018cited by this paper
• Nanoparticle delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and donor DNA in vivo induces homology-directed DNA repair

  2017cited by this paper
• Pollen magnetofection for genetic modification with magnetic nanoparticles as gene carriers

  2017cited by this paper
• A potent Cas9-derived gene activator for plant and mammalian cells

  2017cited by this paper
• Genome-scale measurement of off-target activity using Cas9 toxicity in high-throughput screens

  2017cited by this paper
• Efficient DNA-free genome editing of bread wheat using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes

  2017influential reference
• A CRISPR–Cpf1 system for efficient genome editing and transcriptional repression in plants

  2017cited by this paper
• Selectable marker independent transformation of recalcitrant maize inbred B73 and sorghum P898012 mediated by morphogenic regulators BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL2

  2017cited by this paper
• A CRISPR–Cpf1 system for efficient genome editing and transcriptional repression in plants

  2017cited by this paper
• CRISPR/Cpf1-mediated DNA-free plant genome editing

  2017cited by this paper
• Robust Transcriptional Activation in Plants Using Multiplexed CRISPR-Act2.0 and mTALE-Act Systems.

  2017cited by this paper
• Orthologous CRISPR-Cas9 enzymes for Combinatorial Genetic Screens

  2017cited by this paper
• Direct Cytosolic Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9-Ribonucleoprotein for Efficient Gene Editing.

  2017cited by this paper
• CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout and knock-in mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

  2016cited by this paper
• Efficient delivery of genome-editing proteins using bioreducible lipid nanoparticles

  2016cited by this paper
• Morphogenic Regulators Baby boom and Wuschel Improve Monocot Transformation[OPEN]

  2016cited by this paper
• Electroporation of Cas9 protein/sgRNA into early pronuclear zygotes generates non-mosaic mutants in the mouse.

  2016cited by this paper
• Direct introduction of neomycin phosphotransferase II protein into apple leaves to confer kanamycin resistance.

  2016cited by this paper
• CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of rubber producing dandelion Taraxacum kok-saghyz using Agrobacterium rhizogenes without selection

  2016cited by this paper
• Advancing Crop Transformation in the Era of Genome Editing[OPEN]

  2016cited by this paper
• Site-directed mutagenesis in Petunia × hybrida protoplast system using direct delivery of purified recombinant Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

  2016cited by this paper
• Improved delivery of Cas9 protein/gRNA complexes using lipofectamine CRISPRMAX

  2016cited by this paper
• DNA-Free Genetically Edited Grapevine and Apple Protoplast Using CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins

  2016cited by this paper
• Genome editing in maize directed by CRISPR–Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes

  2016influential reference
• Efficient and transgene-free genome editing in wheat through transient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 DNA or RNA

  2016cited by this paper
• DNA-free two-gene knockout in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

  2016cited by this paper
• RNA-guided transcriptional regulation in planta via synthetic dCas9-based transcription factors.

  2015cited by this paper
• Cpf1 is a single RNA-guided endonuclease of a class 2 CRISPR-Cas system.

  2015cited by this paper
• Chemically modified guide RNAs enhance CRISPR-Cas genome editing in human primary cells

  2015cited by this paper
• A CRISPR/Cas9 Toolbox for Multiplexed Plant Genome Editing and Transcriptional Regulation1[OPEN]

  2015cited by this paper
• DNA-free genome editing in plants with preassembled CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

  2015influential reference
• Efficient Mutagenesis by Cas9 Protein-Mediated Oligonucleotide Insertion and Large-Scale Assessment of Single-Guide RNAs

  2014cited by this paper
• Gene disruption by cell-penetrating peptide-mediated delivery of Cas9 protein and guide RNA

  2014cited by this paper
• Enhanced homology-directed human genome engineering by controlled timing of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery

  2014cited by this paper
• Efficient Delivery of Genome-Editing Proteins In Vitro and In Vivo

  2014cited by this paper
• Highly efficient RNA-guided genome editing in human cells via delivery of purified Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

  2014influential reference
• Successful Transient Expression of Cas9 and Single Guide RNA Genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

  2014cited by this paper
• Progress in plant protoplast research

  2013cited by this paper
• Targeted mutagenesis in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana using Cas9 RNA-guided endonuclease

  2013cited by this paper
• Targeted genome modification of crop plants using a CRISPR-Cas system

  2013cited by this paper
• Heritable Gene Knockout in Caenorhabditis elegans by Direct Injection of Cas9–sgRNA Ribonucleoproteins

  2013cited by this paper
• High-throughput profiling of off-target DNA cleavage reveals RNA-programmed Cas9 nuclease specificity

  2013cited by this paper
• High frequency off-target mutagenesis induced by CRISPR-Cas nucleases in human cells

  2013cited by this paper
• Multiplex and homologous recombination–mediated genome editing in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana using guide RNA and Cas9

  2013cited by this paper
• An improved protocol for plant regeneration from leaf- and hypocotyl-derived protoplasts of carrot

  2012cited by this paper
• An improved system to establish highly embryogenic haploid cell and protoplast cultures from pollen calluses of maize (Zea mays L.)

  2006cited by this paper
• The repair of double-strand breaks in plants: mechanisms and consequences for genome evolution.

  2004cited by this paper
• Position effects and epigenetic silencing of plant transgenes.

  1998cited by this paper
• Protoclonal Variation in Crop Improvement

  1998cited by this paper
• Efficient plant regeneration from rice protoplasts in general medium

  1990cited by this paper
• Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts Isolated from Embryogenic Maize Cell Cultures

  1988cited by this paper

• Establishment of Efficient CRISPR-Cas9 PEG-Mediated DNA-Free Genome Editing Through Ribonucleoproteins Method in Hexaploid Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)) Targeting the EIF-4E Genes

  2026cites this paper
• Functional genomics in sugarcane breeding: key challenges and strategies.

  2026cites this paper
• Nanoparticle Applications in Plant Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Review

  2026cites this paper
• Protoplast-Based Functional Genomics and Genome Editing: Progress, Challenges and Applications.

  2026cites this paper
• CRISPR genome editing in plants without tissue culture.

  2026cites this paper
• Developing a Molecular Toolkit to ENABLE all to apply CRISPR/Cas9-based Gene Editing in planta

  2025cites this paper
• Transgene-free genome editing in citrus and poplar trees using positive and negative selection markers

  2025cites this paper
• Genome Editing by Grafting

  2025cites this paper
• CRISPR RNP-Mediated Transgene-Free Genome Editing in Plants: Advances, Challenges and Future Directions for Tree Species.

  2025cites this paper
• Metabolic Engineering of Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Medicinal Plants: From Genomic Insights to Biotechnological Applications

  2025cites this paper
• CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing: playing a versatile role in mitigating the challenges of sustainable rice improvement

  2025cites this paper
• Beautiful and delicious mutants: The origins, fates, and benefits of molecular sequence variation in plant evolution and breeding

  2025cites this paper
• Multigene engineering in plants: Technologies, applications, and future prospects.

  2025cites this paper
• Multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 editing of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes in chickpea via protoplast and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

  2025cites this paper
• Emerging trends in transgene-free crop development: insights into genome editing and its regulatory overview

  2025influential citation
• Enhancing biolistic plant transformation and genome editing with a flow guiding barrel

  2025cites this paper
• Genome editing for sustainable agriculture in Peru: advances, potential applications and regulation

  2025cites this paper
• A visual monitoring DNA‐free multi‐gene editing system excised via LoxP::FRT/FLP in poplar

  2025cites this paper
• Engineering Adenine Deaminase TadA for Precise and PAM‐Flexible Point Mutagenesis and Gradient‐Tuning Endogenous Protein Design

  2025cites this paper
• Highly efficient transgene‐free ErCas12a RNP‐protoplast genome editing and single‐cell regeneration in Nicotiana benthamiana for glyco‐engineering

  2025cites this paper
• Beyond the lab: future-proofing agriculture for climate resilience and stress management

  2025cites this paper
• CRISPR-Cas9 mediated enhancement of abiotic stress resilience in tomato: a comprehensive review of target genes

  2025cites this paper
• Streamlined protoplast transfection system for in-vivo validation and transgene-free genome editing in Banana

  2025cites this paper
• Overexpression MsJAR1 gene increased lateral branches and plant height in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

  2025cites this paper
• Generation of transgene-free genome-edited carrot plants using CRISPR/Cas9-RNP complexes

  2025cites this paper
• Suitability of Real-Time PCR Methods for New Genomic Technique Detection in the Context of the European Regulations: A Case Study in Arabidopsis

  2025cites this paper
• Application of CRISPR Technology in Plant Improvement: An Update Review

  2025cites this paper
• CRISPR/Cas9: a sustainable technology to enhance climate resilience in major Staple Crops

  2025cites this paper
• GENOME EDITING FOR IMPROVING DISEASE RESISTANCE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) - SCOPE, ACHIEVEMENTS, LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE NEEDS

  2025cites this paper
• RNAi and genome editing of sugarcane: Progress and prospects

  2025cites this paper
• Micronutrient Biofortification in Wheat: QTLs, Candidate Genes and Molecular Mechanism

  2025cites this paper
• Knockout of BnaX.SGT.a caused significant sinapine reduction in transgene-free rapeseed mutants generated by protoplast-based CRISPR RNP editing

  2025cites this paper
• An efficient mRNA delivery system for genome editing in plants

  2025cites this paper
• Transgene-free protein-based genome editing in thraustochytrids enables customizable modulation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles

  2025cites this paper
• Harnessing CRISPR-Cas for Stress Tolerance and Yield Improvement in Cotton

  2025cites this paper
• Big things come in small packages: Using nanomaterials for plant genetic engineering

  2025cites this paper
• Epigenetic Regulation of Salt Stress Responses in Rice: Mechanisms and Prospects for Enhancing Tolerance

  2025cites this paper
• Development and Applications of Somatic Embryogenesis in Grapevine (Vitis spp.)

  2024cites this paper
• DNA-free CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system for oil palm protoplasts using multiple ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) complexes

  2024cites this paper
• The strategy of knock-in with homology-directed genome editing in the model ornamental plant Petunia using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex

  2024cites this paper
• DNA- and selectable-marker-free genome-editing system using zygotes from recalcitrant maize inbred B73.

  2024cites this paper
• CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NYC1 gene enhances chlorophyll retention and reduces tillering in Zoysia matrella (L.) Merrill

  2024cites this paper
• Efficient regeneration of protoplasts from Solanum lycopersicum cultivar Micro-Tom

  2024cites this paper
• Recent Advances in Tomato Gene Editing

  2024cites this paper
• High performance TadA-8e derived cytosine and dual base editors with undetectable off-target effects in plants

  2024cites this paper
• Genome editing in peanuts: advancements, challenges and applications

  2024cites this paper
• Optimized protoplast isolation and transfection with a breakpoint: accelerating Cas9/sgRNA cleavage efficiency validation in monocot and dicot

  2024cites this paper
• Advances in genomics and genome editing for improving strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa)

  2024cites this paper
• Genome editing of a recalcitrant wine grape genotype by lipofectamine-mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins to protoplasts.

  2024cites this paper
• CRISPR-Cas9 System Mediated Genome Editing Technology: An Ultimate Tool to Enhance Abiotic Stress in Crop Plants

  2024cites this paper
• Exploiting viral vectors to deliver genome editing reagents in plants

  2024cites this paper
• Genetic Engineering of Filamentous Fungi: Prospects for Obtaining Fourth-Generation Biological Products

  2024cites this paper
• Africanizing genome editing for food sustainability

  2024cites this paper
• Progress and Updates of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing on Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Agriculture: A Review

  2024cites this paper
• Current developments of gene therapy in human diseases

  2024cites this paper
• CRISPR/Cas genome editing in soybean: challenges and new insights to overcome existing bottlenecks

  2024cites this paper
• Genome editing for improvement of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in cereals.

  2024cites this paper
• CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Editing for Improving Key Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

  2024cites this paper
• CRISPR–Cas systems and applications for crop bioengineering

  2024cites this paper
• Advancements and challenges in CRISPR/cas genome editing for legume crops

  2024cites this paper
• Модификация генома растений методами генетической инженерии: направления и пути развития

  2024cites this paper
• Modification of the Plant Genome by Genetic Engineering Methods: Directions and Ways of Development

  2024cites this paper
• On techno-fixes in the era of crises: genomic interventions in food crops

  2024influential citation
• Unlocking regeneration potential: harnessing morphogenic regulators and small peptides for enhanced plant engineering

  2024cites this paper
• Advancements in Plant Gene Editing Technology: From Construct Design to Enhanced Transformation Efficiency

  2024cites this paper
• The Continuous Improvement of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-Associated Protein System Has Led to Its Highly Efficient Application in Plants

  2024cites this paper
• Enhancing efficiency and precision in CRISPR genome editing for plants using computational tools

  2024cites this paper
• An efficient protoplast-based genome editing protocol for Vitis species

  2023cites this paper
• Ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-Mediated Allele Replacement in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Leaves.

  2023cites this paper
• Application of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing for abiotic stress management in crop plants

  2023cites this paper
• Recent Trends and Advancements in CRISPR-Based Tools for Enhancing Resistance against Plant Pathogens

  2023cites this paper
• Site-specific gene knock-in and bacterial phytase gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via Cas9 RNP-mediated HDR

  2023cites this paper
• Plant protoplasts in the age of synthetic biology.

  2023cites this paper
• Overcoming roadblocks for in vitro nurseries in plants: induction of meiosis

  2023cites this paper
• Establishment of an efficient transformation system and its application in regulatory mechanism analysis of biological macromolecules in tea plants.

  2023cites this paper
• Genome editing for healthy crops: traits, tools and impacts

  2023cites this paper
• Establishment of targeted mutagenesis in soybean protoplasts using CRISPR/Cas9 RNP delivery via electro−transfection

  2023cites this paper
• Preface to the special issue “Current Status and Future Prospects for the Development of Crop Varieties and Breeding Materials Using Genome Editing Technology”

  2023cites this paper
• Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and genome editing of Fagopyrum tataricum

  2023cites this paper
• The sonication-assisted whisker method enables CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery to induce genome editing in rice

  2023cites this paper
• Development of a Mesophyll Protoplast-Based System for Gene Editing of Papaya

  2023cites this paper
• Strategies for delivery of CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing to obtain edited plants directly without transgene integration

  2023cites this paper
• Multi-allelic gene editing in an apomictic, tetraploid turf and forage grass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) using CRISPR/Cas9

  2023cites this paper
• CRISPR/Cas-mediated plant genome editing: outstanding challenges a decade after implementation.

  2023cites this paper
• CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Potato Functional Genomics and Breeding.

  2023cites this paper
• Automated, High-Throughput Protoplast Transfection for Gene Editing and Transgene Expression Studies.

  2023cites this paper
• Ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

  2023cites this paper
• Genome Editing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Using Cas9-gRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complex: A Step-by-Step Guide.

  2023cites this paper
• Genome editing for improving nutritional quality, post-harvest shelf life and stress tolerance of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals

  2023cites this paper
• Sweet Orange: Evolution, Characterization, Varieties, and Breeding Perspectives

  2023cites this paper
• CRISPR technology: A decade of genome editing is only the beginning

  2023cites this paper
• Optimization of highly efficient exogenous-DNA-free Cas9-ribonucleoprotein mediated gene editing in disease susceptibility loci in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

  2023cites this paper
• EDITING GENOMES VIA CRISPR/CAS9 AND APPLICATIONS IN MAIZE IMPROVEMENT

  2022influential citation
• Impact of temperature and time on DNA-free Cas9-ribonucleoprotein mediated gene editing in wheat protoplasts and immature embryos

  2022cites this paper
• CRISPR keeps going 'wild': a new protocol for DNA-free genome editing of tetraploid wild tomatoes.

  2022cites this paper
• Highly Efficient Genome Editing in Plant Protoplasts by Ribonucleoprotein Delivery of CRISPR-Cas12a Nucleases

  2022cites this paper
• Advances in Delivery Mechanisms of CRISPR Gene-Editing Reagents in Plants

  2022cites this paper
• From Genome Sequencing to CRISPR-Based Genome Editing for Climate-Resilient Forest Trees

  2022cites this paper
• Efficiency, Specificity and Temperature Sensitivity of Cas9 and Cas12a RNPs for DNA-free Genome Editing in Plants

  2022cites this paper
• Biotechnological interventions in reducing losses of tropical fruits and vegetables.

  2022cites this paper