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Early supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum in liquid diet modulates intestinal innate immunity through TLR4-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in young piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88.

Kuanmin Yang,Cui Zhu,Li Wang,S. Cao,Xuefen Yang,K. Gao,Zong-yong Jiang

Published 2021 in Journal of Animal Science

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of early supplementation during 4-18 day of age with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) in liquid diets on intestinal innate immune response in young piglets infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88). Seventy-two barrow piglets at 4-day-old were assigned to basal or LP supplemented liquid diet (5 × 10 10 CFU·kg -1). On d 15, piglets from each group orally challenged with either ETEC K88 (1 × 10 8 CFU·kg -1) or same amount of PBS. The intestinal mucosa, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and spleen samples were collected on d 18. Here, we found that LP pretreatment significantly decreased mRNA relative expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], interleukin-8 [IL-8], and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), β-defensin 2 (pBD-2), and mucins (MUC1 and MUC4) in jejunal mucosa in piglets challenged with ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). Moreover, LP significantly decreased the ileal mucosa mRNA relative expression of IL-8 and MUC4 in young piglets challenged with ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the piglets of LP+K88 group had lower protein levels of IL-8, secretary IgA (sIgA), pBD-2 and MUC4 in jejunal mucosa than those challenged with ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). Besides, LP supplementation reduced the percentage of gamma/delta T cells receptor (γδTCR) and CD172a + (SWC3 +) cells in MLN, and the percentage of γδTCR cells in the spleen of young piglets after ETEC K88 challenge. Supplementation with LP in liquid diets prevented the upregulated protein abundance of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylation-p38 (p-p38) and phosphorylation-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) in jejunal mucosa induced by ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LP supplementation in liquid diet possesses anti-inflammatory activity and modulates the intestinal innate immunity during the early life of young piglets challenged with ETEC K88, which might be attributed to suppression of TLR4-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Early supplementation with LP in liquid diets regulates the innate immune response, representing a promising immunoregulation strategy for maintaining intestinal health in weaned piglets.

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