The changing face of trigeminal neuralgia—A narrative review

This narrative review aims to update the reader on the new classification of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), clinical signs, pathophysiologic evidence, and their implications on management. This review is based on the authors’ collective experience and knowledge of the literature in addition to a literature search.

• Publication year

  2021

• Venue

  Headache

• Publication date

  2021-06-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1111/head.14144PMID 34214179
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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  2022cited by this paper
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  2020cited by this paper
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  2020cited by this paper
• Neurovascular contact plays no role in trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis

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• Evaluation of circulating microRNA expression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia

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• Cognitive and sensorimotor function in participants being treated for trigeminal neuralgia pain

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  2020cited by this paper
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  2020cited by this paper
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  2019cited by this paper
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  2019cited by this paper
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  2019cited by this paper
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  2019cited by this paper
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  2019cited by this paper
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  2019cited by this paper
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  2018cited by this paper
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  2018cited by this paper
• A novel gain-of-function Nav1.7 mutation in a carbamazepine-responsive patient with adult-onset painful peripheral neuropathy

  2018cited by this paper
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  2018cited by this paper
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  2018cited by this paper
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  2017cited by this paper
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  2017cited by this paper
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• Clinical features and long-term surgical outcomes in 39 patients withtumor-related trigeminal neuralgia compared with 360 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

  2017cited by this paper
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  2017cited by this paper
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  2016cited by this paper
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  2016cited by this paper
• Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice

  2016cited by this paper
• Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin vs. Carbamazepine in the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Meta‐Analysis

  2016cited by this paper
• Microstructural alterations in trigeminal neuralgia determined by diffusion tensor imaging are independent of symptom duration, severity, and type of neurovascular conflict.

  2016cited by this paper
• Trigeminal neuralgia (part II): Factors affecting early pharmacotherapeutic outcome

  2016cited by this paper
• Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Botulinum Toxin A Therapy in Trigeminal Neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

  2016cited by this paper
• A Gain-of-Function Mutation in Nav1.6 in a Case of Trigeminal Neuralgia

  2016cited by this paper
• Pretrigeminal neuralgia

  2016cited by this paper
• Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Mimicking Trigeminal Schwannoma in a Patient Presenting with Trigeminal Neuralgia

  2015cited by this paper
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  2015cited by this paper
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  2015cited by this paper
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  2015cited by this paper
• Comparison of tolerability and adverse symptoms in oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and neuralgiform headaches using the Liverpool Adverse Events Profile (AEP)

  2015cited by this paper
• Natural history and outcome of 200 outpatients with classical trigeminal neuralgia treated with carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine in a tertiary centre for neuropathic pain

  2014cited by this paper
• Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebellopontine angle meningiomas.

  2014cited by this paper
• Percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency lesioning for trigeminal neuralgia: determination of minimum clinically important difference in pain improvement for patient-reported outcomes.

  2014cited by this paper
• A Review of Percutaneous Treatments for Trigeminal Neuralgia

  2014cited by this paper
• Abnormal trigeminal nerve microstructure and brain white matter in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

  2014cited by this paper
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  2014cited by this paper
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  2014cited by this paper
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  2014cited by this paper
• Concomitant Persistent Pain in Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia – Evidence for Different Subtypes

  2014cited by this paper
• The role of percutaneous balloon compression in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia recurring after other surgical procedures

  2014cited by this paper
• The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility and the pain severity in Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia patients

  2014cited by this paper
• Neuropathic pain in the general population: A systematic review of epidemiological studies

  2014cited by this paper
• SUNCT, SUNA and trigeminal neuralgia: different disorders or variants of the same disorder?

  2014cited by this paper
• Outcomes after microvascular decompression for patients with trigeminal neuralgia and suspected multiple sclerosis.

  2014cited by this paper
• Trigeminal neuralgia pain relief after gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery.

  2014cited by this paper
• Atrophic changes in the trigeminal nerves of patients with trigeminal neuralgia due to neurovascular compression and their association with the severity of compression and clinical outcomes.

  2014cited by this paper
• Comparative Evaluation of Surgical Procedures for Trigeminal Neuralgia

  2013cited by this paper
• Therapeutic efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review

  2013cited by this paper
• Clinical assessment of orofacial manifestations in 500 patients with multiple sclerosis.

  2013cited by this paper
• The long-term outcome predictors of pure microvascular decompression for primary trigeminal neuralgia.

  2013cited by this paper
• Non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia.

  2013cited by this paper
• Seizure control and treatment changes in pregnancy: Observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry

  2013cited by this paper
• Non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia.

  2013cited by this paper
• Constant Face Pain in Typical Trigeminal Neuralgia and Response to Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

  2013cited by this paper
• Gray matter volume reduction reflects chronic pain in trigeminal neuralgia

  2013cited by this paper
• Botulinum toxin-type A: could it be an effective treatment option in intractable trigeminal neuralgia?

  2013cited by this paper
• Prevalence and natural history of pain in adults with multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

  2013cited by this paper
• Novel design for a phase IIa placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized withdrawal study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CNV1014802 in patients with trigeminal neuralgia

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• Factors Influencing Decision-making and Outcome in the Surgical Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia

  2013cited by this paper
• Trends in surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia in the United States of America from 1988 to 2008.

  2013cited by this paper
• Percutaneous Radiofrequency Rhizotomy in Treatment of Trigeminal neuralgia: A Prospective Study

  2013cited by this paper
• Long-term results of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasms according to preoperative symptomatology

  2013cited by this paper
• Lamotrigine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults.

  2013cited by this paper
• Long-term outcome of high-dose γ knife surgery in treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

  2013cited by this paper
• Microvascular decompression for classic trigeminal neuralgia: determination of minimum clinically important difference in pain improvement for patient reported outcomes.

  2013cited by this paper
• Patterns of pain-free response in 497 cases of classic trigeminal neuralgia treated with Gamma Knife surgery and followed up for least 1 year.

  2012cited by this paper
• A clinical analysis on microvascular decompression surgery in a series of 3000 cases.

  2012cited by this paper
• Characterization of neurovascular compression in facial neuralgia patients by 3D high-resolution MRI and image fusion technique.

  2012cited by this paper
• Lacosamide as Adjunctive Therapy for Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia (P03.224)

  2012cited by this paper
• SUMATRIPTAN (ORAL ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION) FOR ACUTE MIGRAINE ATTACKS IN ADULTS

  2012cited by this paper
• Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs.

  2012cited by this paper
• Peripheral painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy: clinical features in 91 cases and proposal of novel diagnostic criteria.

  2012cited by this paper
• Stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: outcomes and complications

  2012cited by this paper
• Cost-effectiveness in the surgical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia

  2012cited by this paper
• Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

  2012cited by this paper
• Patients appearing to dental professionals with orofacial pain arising from intracranial tumors: a literature review.

  2012cited by this paper
• A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of levetiracetam in central pain in multiple sclerosis

  2012cited by this paper
• Diagnosis and neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: clinical findings and 3-D visualization of neurovascular compression in 19 consecutive patients

  2011cited by this paper
• Trigeminal neuralgia: Assessment with T2 VISTA and FLAIR VISTA fusion imaging

  2011cited by this paper
• Functional brain imaging of trigeminal neuralgia.

  2011cited by this paper
• Long-term outcomes of percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy in 3370 patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

  2011cited by this paper
• Associations between chronic pain and depressive symptoms in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

  2011cited by this paper
• Facial sensibility of patients with trigeminal neuralgias.

  2011cited by this paper

• Nerve matters: Longitudinal microstructural change in the trigeminal nerve is associated with durable pain relief after surgery for trigeminal neuralgia

  2025cites this paper
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• A Comprehensive Review of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias.

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• Clinical insights and treatment challenges in trigeminal neuralgia from a retrospective cohort study

  2025influential citation
• Is there a relationship between vascular flow parameters of carotid arterial system and trigeminal neuralgia?

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• Trigeminal and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia.

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• SUNCT, SUNA and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks: Debates and an update

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• Altered brain function in classical trigeminal neuralgia patients: ALFF, ReHo, and DC static- and dynamic-frequency study.

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• Analysis of Trigeminal Neuralgia Associated with Neurovascular Compression Utilizing Mri: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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• Non-Surgical Treatments of Trigeminal Neuralgia from the Perspective of a Pain Physician: A Narrative Review

  2023influential citation
• Trigeminal Neuralgia: Diagnosis and Treatment.

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• Alteration of the cortical morphology in classical trigeminal neuralgia: voxel-, deformation-, and surface-based analysis

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• Progress in Surgical Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia

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• Electrophysiological characterization of a CaV3.1 calcium channel mutation linked to trigeminal neuralgia

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• A Practical Review of Trigeminal Neuralgia

  2023influential citation
• Sex differences in trigeminal neuralgia: a focus on radiological and clinical characteristics

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• Comparison of the blink reflex in classical and idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

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• EVAULATION OF BLINK REFLEX BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA AND HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

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• Orofacial pain disorders: An overview and diagnostic approach

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• CaV3.2 calcium channels contribute to trigeminal neuralgia.

  2022cites this paper
• Virtual issue: Cranial neuralgias

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• Microvascular decompression: Diversified of imaging uses, advantages of treating trigeminal neuralgia and improvement after the application of endoscopic technology

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• Diagnostik und Therapie neuropathischer Schmerzen

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