Effects of the irrigation regimes on grapevine cv. Bobal in a Mediterranean climate: II. Wine, skins, seeds, and grape aromatic composition

Abstract This study aims to determine the effects and the response to irrigation regimes (i) rainfed, (ii) deficit irrigation (DI), and (iii) full irrigation (FI) on wine and grape skin, seed and aromatic composition of grapevine cv. Bobal. The results show that the deficit irrigation treatment can modulate some important parameters of grapes and wine colour, and the aromatic composition of the grapes, with respect to rainfed and/or unlimited irrigation. In general, alcohol concentration and total acidity of the wines decreased with the application of water, while berry weight increased. Wine colour, total phenolics, and anthocyanins increased when water application was restricted due to the effect of water stress on anthocyanins, tannins and colour parameters of the grape skins and seeds. The water regime did not affect the seed polymeric concentration values, while the polymerization of grape skin tannins (higher mDP, aMW and %G) from the irrigated treatments, positively affected must astringency. Some aromatic precursors such as benzaldehyde, guaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, 4-vinylphenol, α-ionone, γ-decalactone, syringaldehyde, and vainillin increased in the irrigated treatments with respect to rainfed. Benzanoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and octanoic acid content also increased with respect to the full irrigation treatment. These increases can favour metabolic pathways that enhance specific volatile aromas in the wines, affecting their sensory quality. The overall the results presented demonstrate the important role played by the irrigation regime in modulating Bobal grapes and wine composition.

• Publication year

  2021

• Venue

  Agricultural Water Management

• Publication date

  2021-10-01

• Fields of study

  Agricultural and Food Sciences, Chemistry, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/J.AGWAT.2021.107078
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Effects of the irrigation regimes on grapevine cv. Bobal in a Mediterranean climate: I. Water relations, vine performance and grape composition

  2021cited by this paper
• Increase in seed tannin extractability and oxidation using a freeze-thaw treatment in cool-climate grown red (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars.

  2020cited by this paper
• Yield reduction through cluster or selective berry thinning similarly modulates anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins composition in Refosco dal peduncolo rosso (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes

  2020cited by this paper
• Assessment fertigation effects on chemical composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Albariño.

  2019cited by this paper
• Effect of extraction time on content, composition and sensory perception of proanthocyanidins in wine‐like medium and during industrial fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon

  2019cited by this paper
• Impact of mepanipyrim and tetraconazole in Mencía wines on the biosynthesis of volatile compounds during the winemaking process.

  2019cited by this paper
• Unravelling the effects of berry size on ‘Tempranillo’ grapes under different field practices

  2019cited by this paper
• Effect of methyl jasmonate on the aroma of Sangiovese grapes and wines.

  2018cited by this paper
• Volatile compounds and phenolic composition of skins and seeds of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes under different deficit irrigation regimes

  2018cited by this paper
• Influence of water regime on yield components, must composition and wine volatile compounds of Vitis vinifera cv. Verdejo

  2018cited by this paper
• Physiological, micro-morphological and metabolomic analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaf of plants under water stress.

  2018cited by this paper
• Influence of supplementary irrigation on the amino acid and volatile composition of Godello wines from the Ribeiro Designation of Origin.

  2018cited by this paper
• Effects of abscisic acid agonist or antagonist applications on aroma volatiles and anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berries

  2018cited by this paper
• Practical interventions that influence the sensory attributes of red wines related to the phenolic composition of grapes: a review

  2018cited by this paper
• Effects of irrigation over three years on the amino acid composition of Treixadura (Vitis vinifera L.) musts and wines, and on the aromatic composition and sensory profiles of its wines.

  2018cited by this paper
• Impact of agronomic practices on grape aroma composition: a review.

  2018cited by this paper
• Rational Engineering of a Flavoprotein Oxidase for Improved Direct Oxidation of Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids

  2017cited by this paper
• What is the expected impact of climate change on wine aroma compounds and their precursors in grape

  2017cited by this paper
• Effects of sunlight exclusion on the profiles of monoterpene biosynthesis and accumulation in grape exocarp and mesocarp.

  2017cited by this paper
• Multi-Omics and Integrated Network Analyses Reveal New Insights into the Systems Relationships between Metabolites, Structural Genes, and Transcriptional Regulators in Developing Grape Berries (Vitis vinifera L.) Exposed to Water Deficit

  2017cited by this paper
• Pinot noir wine volatile and anthocyanin composition under different levels of vine fruit zone leaf removal.

  2017cited by this paper
• Cultivar Diversity of Grape Skin Polyphenol Composition and Changes in Response to Drought Investigated by LC-MS Based Metabolomics

  2017cited by this paper
• Changes in Tannin Composition of Syrah Grape Skins and Seeds during Fruit Ripening under Contrasting Water Conditions

  2017cited by this paper
• Effect of light exposure on linalool biosynthesis and accumulation in grape berries

  2016cited by this paper
• Exploring adaptation choices for grapevine regions in Spain

  2016cited by this paper
• Transcriptome and metabolite profiling reveals that prolonged drought modulates the phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathway in white grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

  2016cited by this paper
• Effect of irrigation regime on perceived astringency and proanthocyanidin composition of skins and seeds of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah grapes under semiarid conditions.

  2016cited by this paper
• Influence of Grape Seeds and Stems on Wine Composition and Astringency.

  2016cited by this paper
• Effect of irrigation regime on anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah grapes under semiarid conditions.

  2016cited by this paper
• Effects of climate variability on irrigation scheduling in white varieties of Vitis vinifera (L.) of NW Spain

  2016cited by this paper
• Effects of post-veraison irrigation regime on Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines in Valencia, Spain: Yield and grape composition

  2016cited by this paper
• Wine Aroma Compounds in Grapes: A Critical Review

  2015cited by this paper
• Cultivar specific metabolic changes in grapevines berry skins in relation to deficit irrigation and hydraulic behavior.

  2015cited by this paper
• Impact of elevated temperature and water deficit on the chemical and sensory profiles of Barossa Shiraz grapes and wines

  2015cited by this paper
• Effect of vine training system on the phenolic composition of red grapes ( Vitis vinifera L. cv. Xinomavro)

  2015cited by this paper
• Effects of limeted irrigation on the composition of must and wine of Cabernet Sauvignon under semi-arid conditions

  2015cited by this paper
• Regulated Deficit Irrigation Alters Anthocyanins, Tannins and Sensory Properties of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes and Wines

  2015cited by this paper
• Influence of viticulture practices on grape aroma precursors and their relation with wine aroma.

  2015cited by this paper
• Sunlight exclusion from Muscat grape alters volatile profiles during berry development.

  2014cited by this paper
• Volatile composition of Bobal red wines subjected to alcoholic/malolactic fermentation with oak chips

  2014cited by this paper
• Proanthocyanidin Accumulation and Biosynthesis Are Modulated by the Irrigation Regime in Tempranillo Seeds

  2014cited by this paper
• A preliminary characterization of Aglianico (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) grape proanthocyanidins and evaluation of their reactivity towards salivary proteins.

  2014cited by this paper
• Characterization of seed and skin polyphenolic extracts of two red grape cultivars grown in Croatia and their sensory perception in a wine model medium.

  2014cited by this paper
• Compositional and sensory characterization of red wine polymers.

  2013cited by this paper
• Volatile composition and sensory properties of North West Spain white wines

  2013cited by this paper
• Regulated Deficit Irrigation based upon optimum water status improves phenolic composition in Monastrell grapes and wines

  2013cited by this paper
• Tracing phenolic biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera via in situ C-13 labeling and liquid chromatography-diode-array detector-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer detection.

  2012cited by this paper
• Relationship between the sensory-determined astringency and the flavanolic composition of red wines.

  2012cited by this paper
• Influence of deficit irrigation and kaolin particle film on grape composition and volatile compounds in Merlot grape (Vitis vinifera L.).

  2012cited by this paper
• Yield components and grape composition responses to seasonal water deficits in Tempranillo grapevines

  2012cited by this paper
• Long-term effects of different irrigation strategies on yield components, vine vigour, and grape composition in cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.)

  2012cited by this paper
• Influence of grape maturity and maceration length on color, polyphenolic composition, and polysaccharide content of Cabernet Sauvignon and Tempranillo wines.

  2012cited by this paper
• Impact of irrigation regime on berry development and flavonoids composition in Aragonez (Syn. Tempranillo) grapevine

  2012cited by this paper
• Development of C6 and Other Volatile Compounds in Pinot Noir Grapes Determined by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction-GC-MS

  2012cited by this paper
• Chemical and sensory evaluation of Bordeaux wines (Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot) and correlation with wine age.

  2011cited by this paper
• Characterisation of polymeric skin and seed proanthocyanidins during ripening in six Vitis vinifera L. cv

  2011cited by this paper
• Regulated deficit irrigation effects on growth, yield, grape quality and individual anthocyanin composition in Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Tempranillo'

  2011cited by this paper
• Effect of pre‐ and post‐veraison water deficit on proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin accumulation during Shiraz berry development

  2011cited by this paper
• Aroma characterization of red wines from cv. Bobal grape variety grown in La Mancha region

  2011cited by this paper
• Changes in Wine Aroma Composition According to Botrytized Berry Percentage: A Preliminary Study on Amarone Wine

  2011cited by this paper
• Ripening-induced changes in grape skin proanthocyanidins modify their interaction with cell walls.

  2011cited by this paper
• Effect of water deficit on Merlot grape tannins and anthocyanins across four seasons

  2011cited by this paper
• Physiological Thresholds for Efficient Regulated Deficit-Irrigation Management in Winegrapes Grown under Semiarid Conditions

  2010cited by this paper
• Volatile compounds and sensory attributes of wine from Cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) grown under differential levels of water deficit with or without a kaolin-based, foliar reflectant particle film.

  2010cited by this paper
• Plant Metabolism and the Environment: Implications for Managing Phenolics

  2010cited by this paper
• Berry Phenolics in Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) during Late-Stage Ripening

  2010cited by this paper
• Response of Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Tempranillo’ to partial rootzone drying in the field: Water relations, growth, yield and fruit and wine quality

  2009cited by this paper
• Water deficit alters differentially metabolic pathways affecting important flavor and quality traits in grape berries of Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay

  2009cited by this paper
• Impact of the vine water status on the berry and seed phenolic composition of 'Merlot' (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated in a warm climate: consequence for the style of wine.

  2009cited by this paper
• Grape variety effect on proanthocyanidin composition and sensory perception of skin and seed tannin extracts from bordeaux wine grapes (Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot) for two consecutive vintages (2006 and 2007).

  2009cited by this paper
• Response of grapevine cv. ‘Tempranillo’ to timing and amount of irrigation: water relations, vine growth, yield and berry and wine composition

  2009cited by this paper
• Irrigation and rootstock effects on the phenolic concentration and aroma potential of Vitis vinifera L. cv. cabernet sauvignon grapes.

  2009cited by this paper
• Tannin quantification in red grapes and wine: comparison of polysaccharide- and protein-based tannin precipitation techniques and their ability to model wine astringency.

  2008cited by this paper
• The effect of post‐veraison water deficit on yield components and maturation of irrigated Shiraz (Vitis vinifera L.) in the current and following season

  2008cited by this paper
• Interactive Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Crop Load on Cabernet Sauvignon in an Arid Climate

  2008cited by this paper
• Water deficits accelerate ripening and induce changes in gene expression regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berries

  2007cited by this paper
• Influence of plant water status on the production of C13-norisoprenoid precursors in Vitis vinifera L. Cv. cabernet sauvignon grape berries.

  2007cited by this paper
• Release and formation of varietal aroma compounds during alcoholic fermentation from nonfloral grape odorless flavor precursors fractions.

  2007cited by this paper
• Transcriptional control of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in extreme phenotypes for berry pigmentation of naturally occurring grapevines

  2007cited by this paper
• Development of Proanthocyanidins in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir Grapes and Extraction into Wine

  2006cited by this paper
• Principal phenolic compounds in Greek red wines

  2006cited by this paper
• Water deficit, yield, and berry size as factors for composition and sensory attributes of red wine

  2006cited by this paper
• Influence of vineyard location and vine water status on fruit maturation of nonirrigated cv. Agiorgitiko (Vitis vinifera L.). Effects on wine phenolic and aroma components.

  2006cited by this paper
• Grapevine water use and the crop coefficient are linear functions of the shaded area measured beneath the canopy

  2005cited by this paper
• Response of cv. Bobal to Timing of Deficit Irrigation in Requena, Spain: Water Relations, Yield, and Wine Quality

  2005cited by this paper
• Implications of nitrogen nutrition for grapes, fermentation and wine

  2005cited by this paper
• Volatile composition of Baga red wine: Assessment of the identification of the would-be impact odourants

  2004cited by this paper
• Berry size and vine water deficits as factors in winegrape composition: Anthocyanins and tannins

  2004cited by this paper
• The mouth-feel properties of grape and apple proanthocyanidins in a wine-like medium

  2003cited by this paper
• Terrestrial ecosystems, increased solar ultraviolet radiation and interactions with other climatic change factors.

  2003cited by this paper
• Changes in Volatile Compounds during Ripening in Grapes of Airén, Macabeo and Chardonnay White Varieties Grown in La Mancha Region (Spain)

  2003cited by this paper
• Effect of Maturity and Vine Water Status on Grape Skin and Wine Flavonoids

  2002cited by this paper
• Influence of Pre- and Postveraison Water Deficit on Synthesis and Concentration of Skin Phenolic Compounds during Berry Growth of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz

  2002cited by this paper
• Influence of water deficits on grape berry growth

  2001cited by this paper
• Effect of irrigation on changes in the anthocyanin composition of the skin of cv Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L) grape berries during ripening

  2001cited by this paper
• Analysis of proanthocyanidin cleavage products following acid-catalysis in the presence of excess phloroglucinol.

  2001cited by this paper
• Handbook of Enology

  2001cited by this paper
• Changes in grape seed polyphenols during fruit ripening.

  2000cited by this paper
• Les mécanismes de défense de la vigne: Des utilisations possibles pour lutter contre les pathogènes : Vigne

  1998cited by this paper
• Polymeric proanthocyanidins from grape skins

  1996cited by this paper

• Vine age, variety and planting density influencing the effects of water supply on yield and quality of wine grapes—A meta-analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Where does the wine go experiencing regulated deficit irrigation: the effect of RDI on volatile composition and the sensory properties of Cabernet Sauvignon wines

  2025cites this paper
• Adaptive response of Babić grape berry skin polyphenols to elevated temperatures and irrigation regimes

  2025cites this paper
• Aroma Compounds from Grape Pomace: Investigation of Key Winemaking Factors for Future Extraction Applications—A Review

  2025cites this paper
• A multi-omics investigation of annual variation patterns in phenolic and ester compounds in red wine and their association with meteorological factors.

  2025cites this paper
• Assessing grapevine water status and rootstock effects using vegetation indices from UAV and proximal sensors

  2025cites this paper
• Viticultural and Pre-Fermentation Strategies to Reduce Alcohol Levels in Wines

  2025cites this paper
• Differences in Soil Water Holding Capacity and Available Soil Water along Growing Cycle Can Explain Differences in Vigour, Yield, and Quality of Must and Wine in the DOCa Rioja

  2024cites this paper
• Effect of different deficit irrigation regimes on vine performance, grape composition and wine quality of the “Primitivo” variety under mediterranean conditions

  2024cites this paper
• Grape ripening and phenolic content monitoring in Cabernet Sauvignon under regulated deficit irrigation using spectral reflectance indices

  2024cites this paper
• Comprehensive evaluation of the optimal rates of irrigation and potassium application for strawberry

  2023cites this paper
• Wine Tourism, Designations of Origin and Business Performance: An Analysis Applied to the Valencian Community Wine Industry

  2023cites this paper
• Optimizing drip fertigation management based on yield, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency of wine grape in North China

  2023cites this paper
• Water deficit before veraison is crucial in regulating berry VOCs concentration in Sangiovese grapevines

  2023cites this paper
• Influence of non-irrigation and seasonality on wine colour, phenolic composition and sensory quality of a grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Callet) in a Mediterranean climate

  2023cites this paper
• Forcing vine regrowth under different irrigation strategies: effect on polyphenolic composition and chromatic characteristics of cv. Tempranillo wines grown in a semiarid climate

  2023cites this paper
• Impact of meteorological conditions, canopy shading and leaf removal on yield, must quality, and norisoprenoid compounds content in Franciacorta sparkling wine

  2023cites this paper
• Aroma precursors of Grignolino grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) and their modulation by vintage in a climate change scenario

  2023cites this paper
• The Use of Overripe Grapes and Their Skins for Naturally Sweet Wines Production in a Warm Climate Zone

  2023cites this paper
• Productiveness and Berry Quality of New Wine Grape Genotypes Grown under Drought Conditions in a Semi-Arid Wine-Producing Mediterranean Region

  2022cites this paper
• Anthocyanin Composition in Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Skins: Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation in a Warm Climate

  2022cites this paper
• Deficit irrigation differently affects aroma composition in berries of Vitis vinifera L. (cvs Sangiovese and Merlot) grafted on two rootstocks

  2022cites this paper
• Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Grapevine cv. ‘Touriga Nacional’ during Three Seasons in Douro Region: An Agronomical and Metabolomics Approach

  2022cites this paper
• Towards a sustainable viticulture: The combination of deficit irrigation strategies and agroecological practices in Mediterranean vineyards. A review and update

  2022cites this paper
• Effects of the irrigation regimes on grapevine cv. Bobal in a Mediterranean climate: I. Water relations, vine performance and grape composition

  2021cites this paper
• Interannual and spatial variability of grape composition in the Rioja DOCa show better resilience of cv. Graciano than cv. Tempranillo under a warming scenario

  2021cites this paper