Animal models of sepsis

Sepsis remains a common, serious, and heterogeneous clinical entity that is difficult to define adequately. Despite its importance as a public health problem, efforts to develop and gain regulatory approval for a specific therapeutic agent for the adjuvant treatment of sepsis have been remarkably unsuccessful. One step in the critical pathway for the development of a new agent for adjuvant treatment of sepsis is evaluation in an appropriate animal model of the human condition. Unfortunately, the animal models that have been used for this purpose have often yielded misleading findings. It is likely that there are multiple reasons for the discrepancies between the results obtained in tests of pharmacological agents in animal models of sepsis and the outcomes of human clinical trials. One of important reason may be that the changes in gene expression, which are triggered by trauma or infection, are different in mice, a commonly used species for preclinical testing, and humans. Additionally, many species, including mice and baboons, are remarkably resistant to the toxic effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, whereas humans are exquisitely sensitive. New approaches toward the use of animals for sepsis research are being investigated. But, at present, results from preclinical studies of new therapeutic agents for sepsis must be viewed with a degree of skepticism.

• Publication year

  2013

• Venue

  Virulence

• Publication date

  2013-08-19

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.4161/viru.26083PMID 24022070PMCID 3916368
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Of men, not mice

  2013cited by this paper
• A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2b Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin, ART-123, in Patients With Sepsis and Suspected Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation*

  2013cited by this paper
• A Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo–Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Talactoferrin in Patients With Severe Sepsis*

  2013cited by this paper
• Effect of eritoran, an antagonist of MD2-TLR4, on mortality in patients with severe sepsis: the ACCESS randomized trial.

  2013cited by this paper
• Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases

  2013cited by this paper
• Scavenger Receptor Class A Plays a Central Role in Mediating Mortality and the Development of the Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in Polymicrobial Sepsis

  2012cited by this paper
• Preclinical Sepsis Models

  2012cited by this paper
• Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in adults with septic shock.

  2012cited by this paper
• LPS-induced cytokine production in human monocytes and macrophages.

  2011cited by this paper
• Recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized trial.

  2011cited by this paper
• Lipid A receptor TLR4-mediated signaling pathways.

  2010cited by this paper
• A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of TAK-242 for the treatment of severe sepsis*

  2010cited by this paper
• Low-dose hydrocortisone in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock: a randomized controlled trial

  2010cited by this paper
• Resilience to bacterial infection: difference between species could be due to proteins in serum.

  2010cited by this paper
• Phase 2 trial of eritoran tetrasodium (E5564), a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, in patients with severe sepsis*

  2010cited by this paper
• Animal models of sepsis and sepsis-induced kidney injury.

  2009cited by this paper
• Lipid A receptor TLR4-mediated signaling pathways.

  2009cited by this paper
• Unfractioned heparin for treatment of sepsis: A randomized clinical trial (The HETRASE Study)*

  2009cited by this paper
• Annals of Internal Medicine Treatment of Septic Shock with Human Monoclonal Antibody HA-1 A A Randomized , Double-Blind , Placebo-Controlled Trial

  2009cited by this paper
• Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to reverse sepsis-associated immunosuppression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial.

  2009cited by this paper
• Phase 2 trial of eritoran tetrasodium ( E 5564 ) , a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist , in patients with severe sepsis *

  2009cited by this paper
• Efficacy and safety of a phospholipid emulsion (GR270773) in Gram-negative severe sepsis: Results of a phase II multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding clinical trial

  2009cited by this paper
• Animal models of sepsis.

  2009cited by this paper
• Animal models of sepsis: Why does preclinical efficacy fail to translate to the clinical setting?

  2009cited by this paper
• Sepsis‐induced human lymphocyte apoptosis and cytokine production in “humanized” mice

  2009cited by this paper
• Hemopexin down‐regulates LPS‐induced proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages

  2009cited by this paper
• Analysis of binding site for the novel small‐molecule TLR4 signal transduction inhibitor TAK‐242 and its therapeutic effect on mouse sepsis model

  2009cited by this paper
• Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock.

  2008cited by this paper
• Animal models of sepsis and its complications.

  2008cited by this paper
• Therapeutic effects of TAK-242, a novel selective Toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction inhibitor, in mouse endotoxin shock model.

  2007cited by this paper
• Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children with severe sepsis: a multicentre phase III randomised controlled trial.

  2007cited by this paper
• EXOGENOUS PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR ACETYLHYDROLASE REDUCES MORTALITY IN MICE WITH SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME AND SEPSIS

  2006cited by this paper
• Molgramostim (GM-CSF) associated with antibiotic treatment in nontraumatic abdominal sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

  2006cited by this paper
• Safety and efficacy of affinity-purified, anti–tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, ovine fab for injection (CytoFab) in severe sepsis*

  2006cited by this paper
• Anti-inflammatory response is associated with mortality and severity of infection in sepsis.

  2005cited by this paper
• Drotrecogin alfa (activated) for adults with severe sepsis and a low risk of death.

  2005cited by this paper
• RODENT MODELS OF INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTION

  2005cited by this paper
• Low-dose hydrocortisone improves shock reversal and reduces cytokine levels in early hyperdynamic septic shock*

  2005cited by this paper
• Stress doses of hydrocortisone reverse hyperdynamic septic shock: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study

  2005cited by this paper
• Recombinant human platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase for treatment of severe sepsis: Results of a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial*

  2004cited by this paper
• Administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-methyl-l-arginine hydrochloride (546C88) by intravenous infusion for up to 72 hours can promote the resolution of shock in patients with severe sepsis: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study (study no. 144-

  2004cited by this paper
• Multiple-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 546C88: Effect on survival in patients with septic shock*

  2004cited by this paper
• Efficacy and safety of the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody F(ab′)2 fragment afelimomab in patients with severe sepsis and elevated interleukin-6 levels*

  2004cited by this paper
• Antibiotics delay but do not prevent bacteremia and lung injury in murine sepsis

  2004cited by this paper
• Multicenter evaluation of a human monoclonal antibody to Entero-bacteriaceae common antigen in patients with Gram-negative sepsis

  2003cited by this paper
• Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the use of filgrastim in patients hospitalized with pneumonia and severe sepsis*

  2003cited by this paper
• Ethyl pyruvate decreases sepsis-induced acute renal failure and multiple organ damage in aged mice.

  2003cited by this paper
• Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis

  2003cited by this paper
• Efficacy and safety of tifacogin (recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor) in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial.

  2003cited by this paper
• Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock

  2003cited by this paper
• A Critical Role of Leukotriene B4 in Neutrophil Migration to Infectious Focus in Cecal Ligation and Puncture Sepsis

  2003cited by this paper
• Recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality in severe sepsis: Phase IIb, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

  2003cited by this paper
• Ethyl pyruvate prevents lethality in mice with established lethal sepsis and systemic inflammation

  2002cited by this paper
• Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock.

  2002cited by this paper
• A randomized phase II trial of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor therapy in severe sepsis with respiratory dysfunction.

  2002cited by this paper
• Pretreatment with troglitazone decreases lethality during endotoxemia in mice

  2002cited by this paper
• Characterization of a hyperdynamic murine model of resuscitated sepsis using echocardiography.

  2001cited by this paper
• Assessment of the safety of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in patients with severe sepsis: A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose escalation study

  2001cited by this paper
• Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care

  2001cited by this paper
• Lenercept (p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein) in severe sepsis and early septic shock: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial with 1,342 patients

  2001cited by this paper
• Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody fragment afelimomab in hyperinflammatory response during severe sepsis: The RAMSES Study

  2001cited by this paper
• High-Dose Antithrombin III in Severe Sepsis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

  2001cited by this paper
• Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis.

  2001cited by this paper
• Animal Models of Sepsis

  2001cited by this paper
• Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial.

  2001cited by this paper
• The activity of tissue factor pathway inhibitor in experimental models of superantigen-induced shock and polymicrobial intra-abdominal sepsis

  2001cited by this paper
• TREATMENT OF SEPTIC SHOCK WITH THE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR : Fc FUSION PROTEIN C

  2000cited by this paper
• Decreased organ failure in patients with severe SIRS and septic shock treated with the platelet-activating factor antagonist TCV-309: a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized phase II trial. TCV-309 Septic Shock Study Group.

  2000cited by this paper
• Phase II multicenter clinical study of the platelet‐activating factor receptor antagonist BB‐882 in the treatment of sepsis

  2000cited by this paper
• A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of an Infusion of Lexipafant (Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Antagonist) in Patients with Severe Sepsis

  2000cited by this paper
• E5 murine monoclonal antiendotoxin antibody in gram-negative sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. E5 Study Investigators.

  2000cited by this paper
• Recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21) as adjunctive treatment for children with severe meningococcal sepsis: a randomised trial. rBPI21 Meningococcal Sepsis Study Group.

  2000cited by this paper
• Noradrenaline and nomega-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA): effects on haemodynamics and regional blood flow in healthy and septic sheep.

  2000cited by this paper
• Noradrenaline and Nω-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA): effects on haemodynamics and regional blood flow in healthy and septic sheep

  2000cited by this paper
• THE EFFECTS OF IBUPROFEN ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS

  2000cited by this paper
• Stress doses of hydrocortisone reverse hyperdynamic septic shock: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center study.

  1999cited by this paper
• Delayed treatment with recombinant human tissue factor pathway inhibitor improves survival in rabbits with gram-negative peritonitis.

  1998cited by this paper
• Confirmatory platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist trial in patients with severe gram-negative bacterial sepsis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. BN 52021 Sepsis Investigator Group.

  1998cited by this paper
• Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. NORASEPT II Study Group.

  1998cited by this paper
• Effect of pentoxifylline in severe sepsis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

  1998cited by this paper
• Antithrombin III (ATILL) replacement therapy in patients with sepsis and/or postsurgical complications: a controlled double-blind, randomized, multicenter study

  1998cited by this paper
• Reversal of late septic shock with supraphysiologic doses of hydrocortisone.

  1998cited by this paper
• Antithrombin III (ATIII) replacement therapy in patients with sepsis and/or postsurgical complications: a controlled double-blind, randomized, multicenter study.

  1998cited by this paper
• ANIMAL MODELS OF SEPSIS AND SHOCK: A REVIEW AND LESSONS LEARNED

  1998cited by this paper
• Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock

  1998cited by this paper
• Antithrombin III in patients with severe sepsis. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicenter trial plus a meta-analysis on all randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials with antithrombin III in severe sepsis.

  1998cited by this paper
• p55 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Fusion Protein in the Treatment of Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial

  1997cited by this paper
• p55 Tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein in the treatment of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. A randomized controlled multicenter trial. Ro 45-2081 Study Group.

  1997cited by this paper
• Treatment of severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis with a novel bradykinin antagonist, deltibant (CP-0127). Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CP-0127 SIRS and Sepsis Study Group.

  1997cited by this paper
• The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis. The Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group.

  1997cited by this paper
• Confirmatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist trial in severe sepsis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. The Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Sepsis Investigator Group.

  1997cited by this paper
• Treatment of septic shock with the tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein. The Soluble TNF Receptor Sepsis Study Group.

  1996cited by this paper
• Effects of UR‐12633, a new antagonist of platelet‐activating factor, in rodent models of endotoxic shock

  1996cited by this paper
• Protection against lethal Escherichia coli bacteremia in baboons (Papio anubis) by pretreatment with a 55-kDa TNF receptor (CD120a)-Ig fusion protein, Ro 45-2081.

  1996cited by this paper
• INTERSEPT: an international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with sepsis. International Sepsis Trial Study Group.

  1996cited by this paper
• TREATMENT WITH THE PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR ANTAGONIST TCV-309 IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME: A PROSPECTIVE, MULTI-CENTER, DOUBLEBLIND, RANDOMIZED PHASE II TRIAL;

  1996cited by this paper
• Endogenous modulators of TNF and IL-1 response are under partial control of TNF in baboon bacteremia.

  1996cited by this paper
• Assessment of the safety and efficacy of the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody-fragment, MAK 195F, in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study.

  1996cited by this paper
• Influence of hypercortisolemia on soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist responses to endotoxin in human beings.

  1995cited by this paper
• Interleukin 10 reduces mortality from severe peritonitis in mice

  1995cited by this paper

• Breaking the Stalemate: Advancing Sepsis Therapeutics Beyond Supportive Care.

  2026cites this paper
• Protection of mice against septic shock induced by lethal intraperitoneal dose of LPS by a recombinant Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein

  2026cites this paper
• Myocardial injury mediated by acute inflammation after abdominal surgery in mice: mechanistic translational laboratory study.

  2026cites this paper
• Charting new frontiers in nanoparticle immunotoxicity: A perspective on current, emerging, and future approaches.

  2025cites this paper
• Preclinical SC and IV repeat-dose toxicology of a cowpea mosaic virus – A cancer immunotherapy candidate

  2025cites this paper
• Sepsis-associated endothelial glycocalyx damage: a review of animal models, clinical evidence, and molecular mechanisms.

  2025cites this paper
• Optimized Mouse Model of Sepsis‐Associated Encephalopathy: A Rational Standard Based on Modified SHIRPA Score and Neurobehaviors in Mice

  2025cites this paper
• The role of immunomodulatory nano systems in the treatment of sepsis: past, present, and future.

  2025cites this paper
• Astaxanthin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Immunosuppression in Macrophages

  2025cites this paper
• Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Protects Against Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Suppressing Heparanase-Mediated Endothelial Glycocalyx Degradation.

  2025cites this paper
• The Novel Role of the Expression of Toll-like Receptors TLR-5, TLR-6, and TLR-9 and Associated Up-Regulation of Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (PD-1) and Its Ligand (PD-L1) in Lung Sepsis

  2025cites this paper
• A review of gut failure as a cause and consequence of critical illness

  2025cites this paper
• Heterozygosity for Crohn's disease risk allele of ATG16L1 promotes unique protein interactions and protects against bacterial infection.

  2025cites this paper
• Inactivation of PI3K-C2α deregulates cell death pathways and sensitizes to endotoxic shock

  2025cites this paper
• A mouse model of sepsis-associated DIC induced by Kappa-carrageenan and Lipopolysaccharides: Establishment and characteristics

  2025cites this paper
• Sex-Specific Differences in LPS-Induced Rapid Myocardial Dysfunction

  2025cites this paper
• Sepsis-related myocardial injury: the role of bacterial pathogens and toxins—a scoping review protocol

  2025cites this paper
• Utility of Animal Models of Pneumonia and Sepsis.

  2025cites this paper
• Injectable hydrogel-assisted local lipopolysaccharide delivery improves immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

  2025cites this paper
• Unraveling the Role of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Accelerating Breast Tumor Progression

  2025cites this paper
• In Vivo Investigation of Filovirus Glycoprotein-Mediated Infection in a BSL2 Setting.

  2025cites this paper
• Cannabinoids in preclinical research of sepsis: a scoping review

  2025cites this paper
• Natural genetic variation in wild-derived mice controls host survival and transcriptional responses during endotoxic shock

  2025cites this paper
• Maresin-1 Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Microglial Activation Through Modulation of the P38 MAPK Pathway

  2024cites this paper
• miR-361-3p overexpression promotes apoptosis and inflammation by regulating the USP49/IκBα/NF-κB pathway to aggravate sepsis-induced myocardial injury.

  2024cites this paper
• Klebsiella pneumoniae induces dose-dependent shock, organ dysfunction, and coagulopathy in a nonhuman primate critical care model

  2024cites this paper
• The role of high-density lipoproteins in sepsis

  2024cites this paper
• Protective role of aconitate decarboxylase 1 in neuroinflammation-induced dysfunctions of the paraventricular thalamus and sleepiness

  2024cites this paper
• Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease Worsen Outcomes in Experimental Sepsis

  2024cites this paper
• Post-translational modifications in sepsis-induced organ dysfunction: mechanisms and implications

  2024cites this paper
• Role of Myeloid Cell-Specific Adenylyl Cyclase Type 7 in Lipopolysaccharide- and Alcohol-Induced Immune Responses

  2024cites this paper
• From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Therapy: Understanding Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction

  2024influential citation
• Models of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.

  2024cites this paper
• Effects of ozone exposure on lung injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a murine model of non-pneumonic endotoxemia.

  2024cites this paper
• Supramolecular assembly of micellar aggregates is the basis of low endotoxin recovery (LER) in a drug formulation that can be resolved by a whole blood assay.

  2024cites this paper
• Blockade of Cluster of Differentiation 38 Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Through Inflammation Suppression via Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor kappa B p65

  2024cites this paper
• Retinal response to systemic inflammation differs between sexes and neurons

  2024cites this paper
• Heparin-Binding Protein Promotes Acute Lung Injury in Sepsis Mice by Blocking the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway

  2024cites this paper
• CECAL SLURRY AS AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL TO CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE FOR THE STUDY OF SEPSIS-INDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION

  2024cites this paper
• Diffusion magnetic resonance spectroscopy captures microglial reactivity related to gut-derived systemic lipopolysaccharide: A preliminary study.

  2024cites this paper
• Spleen tyrosine kinase: a novel pharmacological target for sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and multi-organ failure

  2024cites this paper
• Animal research is not always king: researchers should explore the alternatives

  2024cites this paper
• Severe gut mucosal injury induces profound systemic inflammation and spleen-associated lymphoid organ response

  2024cites this paper
• Rodent models of AKI and AKI-CKD transition: an update in 2024.

  2024cites this paper
• Crosstalk between peripheral inflammation and brain: focus on the responses of microglia and astrocytes to peripheral challenge.

  2024cites this paper
• Nebivolol Exerts Hepatoprotective Activity During CLP-Induced Sepsis by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Liver Regeneration, and AKT/MAPK Pathways in Rats

  2024cites this paper
• Therapeutic Delivery of Soluble Fractalkine Ameliorates Vascular Dysfunction in the Diabetic Retina

  2024cites this paper
• Nebivolol ameliorates sepsis-evoked kidney dysfunction by targeting oxidative stress and TGF-β/Smad/p53 pathway

  2024cites this paper
• Elevated level of extracellular vimentin is associated with an increased fibrin formation potential in sepsis: ex vivo swine study

  2024cites this paper
• Identification of Potential Sepsis Therapeutic Drugs Using a Zebrafish Rapid Screening Approach

  2024cites this paper
• Pericytes Enrich the Basement Membrane and Reduce Neutrophil Transmigration in an In Vitro Model of Peripheral Inflammation at the Blood–Brain Barrier

  2024cites this paper
• Retinoic Acid-Induced Regulation of Inflammatory Pathways Is a Potential Sepsis Treatment

  2023cites this paper
• Common Variables That Influence Sepsis Mortality in Mice

  2023cites this paper
• Title: AKI and CKD Worsen Outcomes in Experimental Sepsis: Creating a Reverse-translational Model of Acute Peritoneal Infection and Recovery in an Immunocompromised Rodent

  2023cites this paper
• Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides Exacerbate Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification Development

  2023cites this paper
• Efficacy of antibiotic combinations in an experimental sepsis model with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  2023cites this paper
• The Calm after the Storm: Implications of Sepsis Immunoparalysis on Host Immunity.

  2023cites this paper
• Plasma lipopolysaccharide elevations in cattle associated with early-stage infection by Fasciola hepatica.

  2023cites this paper
• Endothelial ADAM10 utilization defines a molecular pathway of vascular injury in mice with bacterial sepsis

  2023cites this paper
• Role of microbiome in development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis (review)

  2023cites this paper
• Discovery and druggability evaluation of pyrrolamide-type GyrB/ParE inhibitor against drug-resistant bacterial infection

  2023cites this paper
• An appraisal of studies using mouse models to assist the biomarker discovery for sepsis prognosis

  2023influential citation
• The pro‐inflammatory signature of lipopolysaccharide in spontaneous contracting embryoid bodies differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells

  2023cites this paper
• Anti–miR-93-5p therapy prolongs sepsis survival by restoring the peripheral immune response

  2023cites this paper
• Tissue factor expression in monocyte subsets during human immunothrombosis, endotoxemia and sepsis.

  2023cites this paper
• A model of porcine polymicrobial septic shock

  2023cites this paper
• Multimodal nanoparticle‐containing modified suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid polymer conjugates to mitigate immune dysfunction in severe inflammation

  2023cites this paper
• Pediatric Swine Model of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy, Disseminated Microvascular Thrombosis, and Organ Injuries

  2023cites this paper
• Advances in Rodent Experimental Models of Sepsis

  2023cites this paper
• Pharmacological depletion of microglia alleviates neuronal and vascular damage in the diabetic CX3CR1-WT retina but not in CX3CR1-KO or hCX3CR1I249/M280-expressing retina

  2023cites this paper
• P2X7 receptor antagonist A-438079 alleviates oxidative stress of lung in LPS-induced septic rats

  2023cites this paper
• Abnormal immune system response in the brain of women with Fibromyalgia after experimental endotoxin challenge

  2023cites this paper
• In Vivo Simulation of the Purulent Peritonitis

  2023cites this paper
• Pretreatment with Eupatilin Attenuates Inflammation and Coagulation in Sepsis by Suppressing JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway

  2023cites this paper
• Intestinal edema induced by LPS-induced endotoxemia is associated with an inflammasome adaptor ASC

  2023cites this paper
• Development of a High-Throughput Urosepsis Mouse Model

  2023cites this paper
• A novel model of urosepsis in rats developed by injection of Escherichia coli into the renal pelvis

  2023cites this paper
• LncRNA–mRNA expression profile and functional network of vascular dysfunction in septic rats

  2023cites this paper
• The effects of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial toxins (LTA & LPS) on cardiac function in Drosophila melanogaster larvae.

  2023cites this paper
• Midgut Volvulus Adds a Murine, Neutrophil-Driven Model of Septic Condition to the Experimental Toolbox

  2023cites this paper
• Loss of ZBED6 Protects Against Sepsis‐Induced Muscle Atrophy by Upregulating DOCK3‐Mediated RAC1/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Pigs

  2023cites this paper
• Comparison of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Models of Sepsis-Associated Acute Lung Injury.

  2023cites this paper
• Host factor TIMP1 sustains long-lasting myeloid-biased hematopoiesis after severe infection

  2023cites this paper
• EMERGENCE OF A TECHNOLOGY-DEPENDENT PHENOTYPE OF PEDIATRIC SEPSIS IN A LARGE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL

  2023cites this paper
• Choosing the right animal model for osteomyelitis research: Considerations and challenges

  2023cites this paper
• Analysis of target organs of Houttuynia cordata: A study on the anti-inflammatory effect of upper respiratory system.

  2023cites this paper
• Small animal models of thermal injury.

  2022cites this paper
• PI3K Signaling in Mechanisms and Treatments of Pulmonary Fibrosis Following Sepsis and Acute Lung Injury

  2022cites this paper
• Resistin production does not affect outcomes in a mouse model of acute surgical sepsis

  2022cites this paper
• Selenocompounds and Sepsis—Redox Bypass Hypothesis: Part B-Selenocompounds in the Management of Early Sepsis

  2022cites this paper
• Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) Knockdown Protects against Sepsis-Induced Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline in Mice by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation

  2022cites this paper
• Cytokine-Induced JAK2-STAT3 Activates Tissue Regeneration under Systemic or Local Inflammation

  2022cites this paper
• Amyloid Beta Pathology Exacerbates Weight Loss and Brain Cytokine Responses following Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide in Aged Female Tg2576 Mice

  2022cites this paper
• Disruption of Kidney–Immune System Crosstalk in Sepsis with Acute Kidney Injury: Lessons Learned from Animal Models and Their Application to Human Health

  2022cites this paper
• The role of ferroptosis in endothelial cell dysfunction

  2022cites this paper
• Gal3 Plays a Deleterious Role in a Mouse Model of Endotoxemia

  2022influential citation
• Astragaloside IV alleviates sepsis-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

  2022cites this paper
• Genetics and Nutrition Drive the Gut Microbiota Succession and Host-Transcriptome Interactions through the Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Production Cycle

  2022cites this paper
• The Role of Gut Bacteriome in Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

  2022cites this paper
• Defibrinogenation Ameliorates Retinal Microgliosis and Inflammation in A CX3CR1-Independent Manner

  2022cites this paper