Gadolinium: pharmacokinetics and toxicity in humans and laboratory animals following contrast agent administration

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have transformed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by facilitating the use of contrast-enhanced MRI to allow vital clinical diagnosis in a plethora of disease that would otherwise remain undetected. Although over 500 million doses have been administered worldwide, scientific research has documented the retention of gadolinium in tissues, long after exposure, and the discovery of a GBCA-associated disease termed nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, found in patients with impaired renal function. An understanding of the pharmacokinetics in humans and animals alike are pivotal to the understanding of the distribution and excretion of gadolinium and GBCAs, and ultimately their potential retention. This has been well studied in humans and more so in animals, and recently there has been a particular focus on potential toxicities associated with multiple GBCA administration. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is currently known in the literature regarding the pharmacokinetics of gadolinium in humans and animals, and any toxicity associated with GBCA use.

• Publication year

  2022

• Venue

  Archives of Toxicology

• Publication date

  2022-01-08

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1007/s00204-021-03189-8PMID 34997254PMCID 8837552
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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