Immune Dysfunction, Cytokine Disruption, and Stromal Changes in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Review

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are myeloid neoplasms characterized by bone marrow dysfunction and increased risk of transformation to leukemia. MDS represent complex and diverse diseases that evolve from malignant hematopoietic stem cells and involve not only the proliferation of malignant cells but also the dysfunction of normal bone marrow. Specifically, the marrow microenvironment—both hematopoietic and stromal components—is disrupted in MDS. While microenvironmental disruption has been described in human MDS and murine models of the disease, only a few current treatments target the microenvironment, including the immune system. In this review, we will examine current evidence supporting three key interdependent pillars of microenvironmental alteration in MDS—immune dysfunction, cytokine skewing, and stromal changes. Understanding the molecular changes seen in these diseases has been, and will continue to be, foundational to developing effective novel treatments that prevent disease progression and transformation to leukemia.

• Publication year

  2022

• Venue

  Cells

• Publication date

  2022-02-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/cells11030580PMID 35159389PMCID 8834462
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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