ILC2s - development, divergence, dispersal.

Over the last decade, we have come to appreciate group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) as important players in host and tissue immunity. New studies of ILC2s and their precursors using novel reporter mice, advanced microscopy, and multi-omics approaches have expanded our knowledge on how these cells contribute to tissue physiology and function. This review highlights recent literature on this enigmatic cell, and we organize our discussion across three important paradigms in ILC2 biology: development, divergence, and dispersal. In addition, we frame our discussion in the context of other innate and adaptive immune cells to emphasize the relevance of expanding knowledge of ILC2s and tissue immunity.

• Publication year

  2022

• Venue

  Current Opinion in Immunology

• Publication date

  2022-02-14

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102168PMID 35176675PMCID PMC9131705
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Interferon gamma constrains type 2 lymphocyte niche boundaries during mixed inflammation.

  2022cited by this paper
• Disruption of the endopeptidase ADAM10-Notch signaling axis leads to skin dysbiosis and innate lymphoid cell-mediated hair follicle destruction.

  2021cited by this paper
• IL-33 causes thermogenic failure in aging by expanding dysfunctional adipose ILC2.

  2021cited by this paper
• Neuro-mesenchymal units control ILC2 and obesity via a brain–adipose circuit

  2021cited by this paper
• A multilayered immune system through the lens of unconventional T cells

  2021cited by this paper
• CISH constrains the tuft–ILC2 circuit to set epithelial and immune tone

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• Fibroblasts: Origins, definitions, and functions in health and disease.

  2021cited by this paper
• PGD2 and CRTH2 counteract Type 2 cytokine–elicited intestinal epithelial responses during helminth infection

  2021cited by this paper
• Skin-resident innate lymphoid cells converge on a pathogenic effector state

  2021cited by this paper
• High Th2 cytokine levels and upper airway inflammation in human inherited T-bet deficiency

  2021cited by this paper
• Blockade of the co-inhibitory molecule PD-1 unleashes ILC2-dependent anti-tumor immunity in melanoma

  2021cited by this paper
• The molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) memory and its relevance for asthma

  2021cited by this paper
• IL-6 effector function of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) is NOD2 dependent

  2021cited by this paper
• An aged immune system drives senescence and ageing of solid organs

  2021cited by this paper
• Type 2 innate immunity regulates hair follicle homeostasis to control Demodex pathosymbionts

  2021cited by this paper
• Tissue regulatory T cells: regulatory chameleons

  2021cited by this paper
• Intestinal-derived ILCs migrating in lymph increase IFNγ production in response to Salmonella Typhimurium infection

  2021cited by this paper
• Tissue-specific transcriptional imprinting and heterogeneity in human innate lymphoid cells revealed by full-length single-cell RNA-sequencing

  2021cited by this paper
• Food allergy as a biological food quality control system.

  2021cited by this paper
• Therapeutic manipulation of innate lymphoid cells

  2021cited by this paper
• Expansible residence decentralizes immune homeostasis

  2021cited by this paper
• Multiplexed histology analyses for the phenotypic and spatial characterization of human innate lymphoid cells

  2021cited by this paper
• The basic immunology of asthma.

  2021cited by this paper
• The ChAT-acetylcholine pathway promotes group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses and anti-helminth immunity

  2021cited by this paper
• Acetylcholine production by group 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes mucosal immunity to helminths

  2021cited by this paper
• Group 2 innate lymphoid cells support hematopoietic recovery under stress conditions

  2021cited by this paper
• Enteric helminth coinfection enhances host susceptibility to neurotropic flaviviruses via a tuft cell-IL-4 receptor signaling axis.

  2021cited by this paper
• Endothelium-derived stromal cells contribute to hematopoietic bone marrow niche formation.

  2021cited by this paper
• Homeostatic IL-13 in healthy skin directs dendritic cell differentiation to promote TH2 and inhibit TH17 cell polarization

  2021cited by this paper
• Dichotomous metabolic networks govern human ILC2 proliferation and function

  2021cited by this paper
• Posttranscriptional regulation of ILC2 homeostatic function via tristetraprolin

  2021cited by this paper
• Atopic dermatitis

  2020cited by this paper
• BATF acts as an essential regulator of IL-25–responsive migratory ILC2 cell fate and function

  2020cited by this paper
• Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells alleviates aging-associated cognitive decline

  2020cited by this paper
• Tissue-specific pathways extrude activated ILC2s to disseminate type 2 immunity

  2020cited by this paper
• Tissue Determinants of Human NK Cell Development, Function, and Residence.

  2020cited by this paper
• Developmental plasticity allows outside-in immune responses by resident memory T cells

  2020cited by this paper
• ILC2s amplify PD-1 blockade by activating tissue-specific cancer immunity

  2020cited by this paper
• Blood natural killer cell deficiency reveals an immunotherapy strategy for atopic dermatitis

  2020cited by this paper
• Tuft-Cell-Derived Leukotrienes Drive Rapid Anti-helminth Immunity in the Small Intestine but Are Dispensable for Anti-protist Immunity.

  2020cited by this paper
• Bacteria-Induced Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Stomach Provide Immune Protection through Induction of IgA.

  2020cited by this paper
• Organ-specific isoform selection of fatty acid–binding proteins in tissue-resident lymphocytes

  2020cited by this paper
• Innate lymphoid cells control signaling circuits to regulate tissue-specific immunity

  2020cited by this paper
• Distinct Waves from the Hemogenic Endothelium Give Rise to Layered Lymphoid Tissue Inducer Cell Ontogeny.

  2020cited by this paper
• In Situ Maturation and Tissue Adaptation of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Progenitors.

  2020cited by this paper
• IL‐10 producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells prolong islet allograft survival

  2020cited by this paper
• Multi-transcription factor reporter mice delineate early precursors to the ILC and LTi lineages

  2020cited by this paper
• Metabolic regulation by PPARγ is required for IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s in lung and adipose tissue

  2020cited by this paper
• Age-Related Dynamics of Circulating Innate Lymphoid Cells in an African Population

  2020cited by this paper
• Innate lymphoid cell composition associates with COVID‐19 disease severity

  2020cited by this paper
• Circulating ILC precursors expressing CD62L exhibit a type 2 signature distinctly decreased in psoriatic patients

  2020cited by this paper
• Single-cell analysis of RORα tracer mouse lung reveals ILC progenitors and effector ILC2 subsets

  2019cited by this paper
• ILC2s are the predominant source of intestinal ILC-derived IL-10

  2019cited by this paper
• Stromal cells maintain immune cell homeostasis in adipose tissue via production of interleukin-33

  2019cited by this paper
• Innate lymphoid cells support regulatory T cells in the intestine through interleukin-2

  2019cited by this paper
• An Id2RFP-Reporter Mouse Redefines Innate Lymphoid Cell Precursor Potentials

  2019cited by this paper
• Adventitial Stromal Cells Define Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Tissue Niches

  2019cited by this paper
• Increased Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Patients with Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Syndrome.

  2019cited by this paper
• Homeostatic Control of Sebaceous Glands by Innate Lymphoid Cells Regulates Commensal Bacteria Equilibrium.

  2019cited by this paper
• Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Regulatory T Cells Reveals Trajectories of Tissue Adaptation

  2019cited by this paper
• Maturation of the Human Intestinal Immune System Occurs Early in Fetal Development.

  2019cited by this paper
• Decoding human fetal liver haematopoiesis

  2019cited by this paper
• ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites

  2019cited by this paper
• Compartmentalized effects of aging on group 2 innate lymphoid cell development and function

  2019cited by this paper
• The transcription factor TCF-1 enforces commitment to the innate lymphoid cell lineage

  2019cited by this paper
• A stromal cell niche sustains ILC2-mediated type-2 conditioning in adipose tissue

  2019cited by this paper
• KLRG1 and NKp46 discriminate subpopulations of human CD117+CRTH2− ILCs biased toward ILC2 or ILC3

  2019cited by this paper
• Pulmonary environmental cues drive group 2 innate lymphoid cell dynamics in mice and humans

  2019cited by this paper
• Peripheral lymph nodes contain migratory and resident innate lymphoid cell populations

  2019cited by this paper
• Tissue-Resident Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Differentiate by Layered Ontogeny and In Situ Perinatal Priming.

  2019cited by this paper
• Polychromic Reporter Mice Reveal Unappreciated Innate Lymphoid Cell Progenitor Heterogeneity and Elusive ILC3 Progenitors in Bone Marrow

  2019cited by this paper
• Regulation of immune responses by tuft cells

  2019cited by this paper
• S1P-dependent interorgan trafficking of group 2 innate lymphoid cells supports host defense

  2018cited by this paper
• Tissue signals imprint ILC2 identity with anticipatory function

  2018cited by this paper
• Innate Lymphoid Cells: 10 Years On.

  2018cited by this paper
• Peripheral PDGFRα+gp38+ mesenchymal cells support the differentiation of fetal liver–derived ILC2

  2018cited by this paper
• Increased frequencies of basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and Th2 cells in skin of patients with atopic dermatitis but not psoriasis.

  2017cited by this paper
• Interferon and IL-27 antagonize the function of group 2 innate lymphoid cells and type 2 innate immune responses

  2015cited by this paper
• Tissue residency of innate lymphoid cells in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs

  2015cited by this paper

• Environmental Signals That Drive Early Life Innate Lymphoid Cell Development

  2026cites this paper
• Apolipoprotein E promoted the proliferation and function of group 2 innate lymphoid cells through low density lipoprotein receptor in allergic rhinitis

  2025cites this paper
• Neuromedin U Activation of Group 2 Innate Lymphocytes Exacerbates Local Inflammation of Nasal Mucosa in Allergic Rhinitis

  2025cites this paper
• Dietary fiber is a critical determinant of pathologic ILC2 responses and intestinal inflammation

  2024cites this paper
• White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming

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• Colostrum is required for the postnatal ontogeny of small intestine innate lymphoid type 2 cells and successful anti‐helminth defences

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• Persistent sex and race disparities in United States anaphylaxis mortality from 1999 to 2020

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• Maternal influences on offspring food allergy

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• Analysis of lipid uptake, storage, and fatty acid oxidation by group 2 innate lymphoid cells

  2024cites this paper
• Update on Type 2 Immunity.

  2024cites this paper
• Metabolism in type 2 immune responses.

  2023cites this paper
• Potential correlation of allograft infiltrating group 2 innate lymphoid cells with acute rejection after liver transplantation

  2022cites this paper
• Identification of two migratory colon ILC2 populations differentially expressing IL-17A and IL-5/IL-13

  2022cites this paper
• The aryl hydrocarbon receptor instructs the immunomodulatory profile of a subset of Clec4a4+ eosinophils unique to the small intestine

  2022cites this paper
• Camel milk is a neglected source of brucellosis among rural Arab communities

  2020cites this paper