Models of periodontal disease pathogenesis: A journey through time

Models of pathogenesis help in integrating the data available from current scientific research, which aid in comprehensive understanding of the disease. This stereotypic representation of a disease in the form of a conceptual model helps in translation of new information into practical applications. The evolution in the knowledge of pathogenesis of periodontal disease can lead to a revolution in treatment modalities. The true purpose of pathogenesis models is to highlight the key aspects that need the main focus. Various models of periodontal disease pathogenesis have been proposed based on the prevailing concepts of the disease at that point of time. The aim of the present review is to outline the vital aspects of existing models of periodontal disease pathogenesis.

• Publication year

  2022

• Venue

  Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology

• Publication date

  2022-05-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.4103/jisp.jisp_294_21PMID 35602539PMCID 9118949
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• The Nexus Between Periodontal Inflammation and Dysbiosis

  2020cited by this paper
• Current understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis and targets for host-modulation therapy.

  2020cited by this paper
• An appraisal of the role of specific bacteria in the initial pathogenesis of periodontitis

  2019cited by this paper
• A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri‐implant diseases and conditions – Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification

  2018cited by this paper
• Oral microbiome and peri-implant diseases: where are we now?

  2017cited by this paper
• Revisiting the Page & Schroeder model: the good, the bad and the unknowns in the periodontal host response 40 years later

  2017cited by this paper
• Dancing with the Stars: How Choreographed Bacterial Interactions Dictate Nososymbiocity and Give Rise to Keystone Pathogens, Accessory Pathogens, and Pathobionts.

  2016cited by this paper
• Enhanced Activity of the Macrophage M1/M2 Phenotypes and Phenotypic Switch to M1 in Periodontal Infection.

  2016cited by this paper
• Maturation of the Host Response and its Impact upon Periodontal Disease

  2015cited by this paper
• Polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis in inflammatory disease.

  2015cited by this paper
• Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of periodontitis.

  2015cited by this paper
• The Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Expression of Transposases and Cell Death of Streptococcus mitis in a Biofilm Model

  2014cited by this paper
• The inflammophilic character of the periodontitis-associated microbiota.

  2014cited by this paper
• Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: keystones, pathobionts, and host response.

  2014cited by this paper
• Periodontitis: a host-mediated disruption of microbial homeostasis. Unlearning learned concepts.

  2013cited by this paper
• Mathematical modeling suggests that periodontitis behaves as a non-linear chaotic dynamical process.

  2013cited by this paper
• A bacterial driver–passenger model for colorectal cancer: beyond the usual suspects

  2012cited by this paper
• The Black Queen Hypothesis: Evolution of Dependencies through Adaptive Gene Loss

  2012cited by this paper
• The keystone-pathogen hypothesis

  2012cited by this paper
• Beyond the red complex and into more complexity: the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (PSD) model of periodontal disease etiology.

  2012cited by this paper
• Causal theory and the etiology of periodontal diseases.

  2012cited by this paper
• Low-abundance biofilm species orchestrates inflammatory periodontal disease through the commensal microbiota and complement.

  2011cited by this paper
• Metabolite Cross-Feeding Enhances Virulence in a Model Polymicrobial Infection

  2011cited by this paper
• Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity

  2011cited by this paper
• Complementary Tolls in the periodontium: how periodontal bacteria modify complement and Toll-like receptor responses to prevail in the host.

  2010cited by this paper
• Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell–cell distance

  2010cited by this paper
• Genetic and environmental risk factors for chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

  2010cited by this paper
• Periodontitis: a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis

  2010cited by this paper
• Surface RANKL of Toll-like receptor 4-stimulated human neutrophils activates osteoclastic bone resorption.

  2009cited by this paper
• Mapping the pathogenesis of periodontitis: a new look.

  2008cited by this paper
• Rethinking periodontal inflammation.

  2008cited by this paper
• B cells in periodontitis: friends or enemies?

  2007cited by this paper
• Intrinsic apoptotic pathways of gingival epithelial cells modulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis

  2007cited by this paper
• Changes in Periodontal Health Status Are Associated with Bacterial Community Shifts as Assessed by Quantitative 16S Cloning and Sequencing

  2006cited by this paper
• Unification of the "Burst" and "Linear" Theories of Periodontal Disease Progression: A Multilevel Manifestation of the Same Phenomenon

  2003cited by this paper
• The pathogenesis of human periodontitis: an introduction.

  1997cited by this paper
• Periodontal diseases: pathogenesis.

  1996cited by this paper
• Microbial Ecology of Dental Plaque and its Significance in Health and Disease

  1994cited by this paper
• A fractal model for periodontal breakdown in periodontal disease.

  1991cited by this paper
• A stochastic model for periodontal breakdown.

  1989cited by this paper
• Natural history of periodontal disease in man. Rapid, moderate and no loss of attachment in Sri Lankan laborers 14 to 46 years of age.

  1986cited by this paper
• Role of the neutrophil in oral disease: receptor deficiency in leukocytes from patients with juvenile periodontitis.

  1985cited by this paper
• New concepts of destructive periodontal disease.

  1984cited by this paper
• Some microbiological and histopathological features of periodontal disease in man.

  1980cited by this paper
• Subgingival microflora and periodontal disease.

  1979cited by this paper
• Microbiology of periodontal disease -- present status and future considerations.

  1977cited by this paper
• Pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. A summary of current work.

  1976cited by this paper
• EXPERIMENTAL GINGIVITIS IN MAN.

  1965cited by this paper

• Temporal Transcriptomic Analysis of Periodontal Disease Progression and Its Molecular Links to Systemic Diseases

  2025cites this paper
• Awareness of the interrelationship between periodontal and systemic diseases among medical practitioners in Maharashtra: A cross-sectional survey

  2025cites this paper
• Antimicrobial Efficacy of Aloe Vera, Chlorhexidine, Hyaluronic Acid, and Diode Laser Against Periodontopathogenic Bacteria: A Mixed-Methods Study

  2025cites this paper
• Reciprocal Interactions Between Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Mutual Triggering, Exacerbation, and Treatment Interventions—A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

  2025cites this paper
• Intraoral Ultrasonography for the Exploration of Periodontal Tissues: A Technological Leap for Oral Diagnosis

  2024cites this paper
• The impact of Filifactor alocis on the severity of periodontitis among diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a narrative review

  2024cites this paper
• Unravelling the intricacies of Porphyromonas gingivalis: virulence factors, lifecycle dynamics and phytochemical interventions for periodontal disease management

  2024cites this paper
• Biomaterial Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Engineering

  2024cites this paper
• Omega-3 fatty acids as a treatment option in periodontitis: Systematic review of preclinical studies

  2024cites this paper
• Resolution of inflammation in oral diseases.

  2023cites this paper
• Variants in interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) genes that modulate inflammatory response are associated with periodontitis.

  2023cites this paper
• Adjunctive use of omega-3 fatty acids in combination with low-dose aspirin in periodontitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

  2023cites this paper
• Calprotectin and periostin levels in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease.

  2023cites this paper
• Investigating the Influence of Periodontal Disease on the Association Between Complex Multimorbidity and Health: A Cross-Sectional Study

  2023influential citation
• Periodontology

  2021cites this paper