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One Week of Overeating Upregulates Angiogenic and Lipolytic Gene Expression in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Exercise Trained and Untrained Adults.

Alison C Ludzki,Emily M. Krueger,J. Gillen,Natalie M. Taylor,Darby O. Middlebrook,Toree C. Baldwin,Konstantinos C. Karabetsos,M. Schleh,J. Horowitz

Published 2022 in Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme

ABSTRACT

Effective storage of excess energy in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue during periods of overeating may help attenuate weight-gain-related insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to assess changes in the expression of factors regulating abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue storage capacity in response to a brief exposure to overeating in non-obese adults. Because exercise can alter the expression of genes involved in regulating adipose tissue storage capacity, we compared the responses to overeating in regular exercisers (EX, n=11) and non-exercisers (nonEX, n=11). Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples and OGTTs were performed before and after participants ate 30% above their estimated daily energy requirements for one week. Both EX and nonEX gained ~1 kg (P<0.01), and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index was reduced ~15% (P=0.04) in both groups. Gene expression of factors involved in lipid metabolism (HSL, ATGL, DGAT, PPARγ) and angiogenesis (HIF1α, KDR) were increased (P<0.05), with no differences observed between EX and nonEX. In contrast, protein abundance of these factors did not change. The modest overeating stimulus did not increase markers of inflammation in the systemic circulation or adipose tissue. Overall, our findings indicate that a brief and modest overeating stimulus can impair insulin sensitivity and upregulate genes involved in abdominal adipose tissue storage capacity similarly in exercisers and non-exercisers. ClinicalTrials.gov ID#: NCT02701738.

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