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Quantification and depth distribution analysis of carbon to nitrogen ratio in forest soils using reflectance spectroscopy

A. Gholizadeh,M. Saberioon,N. Pouladi,E. Ben-Dor

Published 2022 in International Soil and Water Conservation Research

ABSTRACT

Forest soils have large contents of carbon (C) and total nitrogen (TN), which have signi fi cant spatial variability laterally across landscapes and vertically with depth due to decomposition, erosion and leaching. Therefore, the ratio of C toTN contents (C:N), a crucial indicator of soil quality and health, is also different depending on soil horizon. These attributes can cost-effectively and rapidly be estimated using visible e near infrared e shortwave infrared (VNIR e SWIR) spectroscopy. Nevertheless, the effect of different soil layers, particularly over large scales of highly heterogeneous forest soils, on the performance of the technique has rarely been attempted. This study evaluated the potential of VNIR e SWIR spectroscopy in quanti fi cation and variability analysis of C:N in soils from different organic and mineral layers of forested sites of the Czech Republic. At each site, we collected samples from the litter (L), fragmented (F) and humus (H) organic layers, and from the A 1 (depth of 2 e 10 cm) and A 2 (depth of 10 e 40 cm) mineral layers providing a total of 2505 samples. Support vector machine regression (SVMR) was used to train the prediction models of the selected attributes at each individual soil layer and the merged layer (pro fi le). We further produced the spatial distribution maps of C:N as the target attribute at each soil layer. Results showed that the prediction accuracy based on the pro fi le spectral data was adequate for all attributes. Moreover, F was the most accurately predicted layer, regardless of the soil attribute. C:N models and maps in the organic layers performed well although in mineral layers, models were poor and maps were reliable only in areas with low and moderate C:N. On the other hand, the study indicated that re fl ectance spectra could ef fi ciently predict and map organic layers of the forested sites. Although, in mineral layers, high values of C:N ( (cid:1) 50) were not detectable in the map created based on the re fl ectance spectra. In general, the study suggests that VNIR e SWIR spectroscopy has the feasibility of modelling and mapping C:N in soil organic horizons based on national spectral data in the forests of the Czech Republic. ©

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