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The potential therapeutic impacts of trehalose on cardiovascular diseases as the environmental-influenced disorders: An overview of contemporary findings.

Zahedi Noushin,Samaneh Pourajam,Zaker Erfan,Kouhpayeh Shirin,Mirbod Seyedeh Mahnaz,Tavangar Mehrsa,Boshtam Mohsen,Kaveh Hatami Kahkesh,Qiuping Qian,Feng Zhang,Shariati Laleh,K. Hossein,M. Boshtam

Published 2023 in Environmental Research

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as environmental-influenced disorders, are a major concern and the leading cause of death worldwide. A range of therapeutic approaches has been proposed, including conventional and novel methods. Natural compounds offer a promising alternative for CVD treatment due to their ability to regulate molecular pathways with minimal adverse effects. Trehalose is natural compound and disaccharide with unique biological functions and cardio-protective properties. The cardio-protective effects of trehalose are generated through its ability to induce autophagy, which is mediated by the transcription factors TFEB and FOXO1. The stimulation of TFEB plays a significant role in regulating autophagy genes and autophagosome formation. Activation of FOXO1 through dephosphorylation of Foxo1 and blocking of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) also triggers autophagy dramatically. Trehalose has been shown to reduce CVD risk factors, including atherosclerosis, cardiac remodeling after a heart attack, cardiac dysfunction, high blood pressure, and stroke. It also reduces structural abnormalities of mitochondria, cytokine production, vascular inflammation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and pyroptosis. This review provides a molecular overview of trehalose's cardioprotective functions, including its mechanisms of autophagy and its potential to improve CVD symptoms based on clinical evidence.

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