Reviewing Introduction Histories, Pathways, Invasiveness, and Impact of Non-Indigenous Species in Danish Marine Waters

Non-indigenous species (NIS) are of concern for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning. We present an updated list of NIS, including cryptogenic species, from Danish marine waters containing 123 species. Benthic invertebrates (36%) and phytoplankton (28%) dominate the list, but fish (15%) and macroalgae (13%) are also important. The Limfjord in Northern Jutland emerges as a hotspot for the introduction of NIS. Data from multiple sources were included, i.e., the National Monitoring Program (NOVANA), the National Fish Atlas project, the citizen science project Arter.dk, research articles, and annual national reports of the ICES working group ITMO. Forty-six NIS species were subject to expert judging using a modified Harmonia protocol; 19 were found to fulfil the four selected criteria identifying a species as being ‘invasive’. Additionally, 38 species, not yet recorded in Danish waters, were evaluated using the same method, and 31 were found to fulfil the ‘invasive’ criteria. For nine selected species, introduction history, distribution maps, and time-series diagrams are presented. Our data document that the national monitoring efforts should be expanded to record macrozooplankton, coastal fish, and mobile epibenthic species. Furthermore, the national data repository, Arter.dk, should be expanded to enable more detailed documentation of new NIS records.

• Publication year

  2023

• Venue

  Diversity

• Publication date

  2023-03-15

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/d15030434
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Introduced species in a tidal ecosystem of mud and sand: curse or blessing?

  2023cited by this paper
• Too late for regulatory management on Pacific oysters in European coastal waters?

  2022cited by this paper
• Status and Trends in the Rate of Introduction of Marine Non-Indigenous Species in European Seas

  2022cited by this paper
• Environmental DNA Monitoring of Biodiversity Hotspots in Danish Marine Waters

  2022cited by this paper
• Shipping in the north-east Atlantic: Identifying spatial and temporal patterns of change.

  2022cited by this paper
• Bioinvasion impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health in the Mediterranean Sea

  2022cited by this paper
• Toxic effects of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi on zebrafish (Danio rerio) larval behavior.

  2021cited by this paper
• Current Status of the Algae Production Industry in Europe: An Emerging Sector of the Blue Bioeconomy

  2021cited by this paper
• Invasion genomics uncover contrasting scenarios of genetic diversity in a widespread marine invader

  2021cited by this paper
• A review of the worldwide distribution of Marenzelleria viridis, with new records for M. viridis, M. neglecta and Marenzelleria sp. (Annelida: Spionidae).

  2021cited by this paper
• Prey preferences of invasive (Hemigrapsus sanguineus, H. takanoi) and native (Carcinus maenas) intertidal crabs in the European Wadden Sea

  2021cited by this paper
• The role of marinas in the establishment and spread of non-indigenous species in Baltic Sea fouling communities

  2021cited by this paper
• The morphology and phylogeny of the diatom genera Rhizosolenia, Proboscia, Pseudosolenia and Neocalyptrella from Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea, with description of Rhizosolenia loanicola sp. nov., Proboscia siamensis sp. nov. and Probosciales ord. nov.

  2021cited by this paper
• Prey preferences, consumption rates and predation effects of Asian shore crabs (Hemigrapsus takanoi) in comparison to native shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) in northwestern Europe

  2021cited by this paper
• Impacts of the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) on benthic invertebrate fauna: a case study from the Baltic Sea

  2021cited by this paper
• Impaired larval development at low salinities could limit the spread of the non-native crab Hemigrapsus takanoi in the Baltic Sea

  2021cited by this paper
• Meta-analysis on the ecological impacts of widely spread non-indigenous species in the Baltic Sea.

  2021cited by this paper
• Diversity and Physiological Tolerance of Native and Invasive Jellyfish/Ctenophores along the Extreme Salinity Gradient of the Baltic Sea

  2021cited by this paper
• Evidence for self-sustaining populations of Arcuatula senhousia in the UK and a review of this species’ potential impacts within Europe

  2021cited by this paper
• Mitogenome phylogenetics in the genus Palaemon (Crustacea: Decapoda) sheds light on species crypticism in the rockpool shrimp P. elegans

  2020cited by this paper
• Assessment of the colonization and dispersal success of non-indigenous species introduced in recreational marinas along the estuarine gradient

  2020cited by this paper
• Citizen science provides added value in the monitoring for coastal non-indigenous species.

  2020cited by this paper
• Prioritizing marine invasive alien species in the European Union through horizon scanning

  2020cited by this paper
• Genetic diversity and population structure of the rockpool shrimp Palaemon elegans based on microsatellites: evidence for a cryptic species and differentiation across the Atlantic–Mediterranean transition

  2020cited by this paper
• Trends in records and contribution of non-indigenous and cryptogenic species to marine communities in Danish waters: potential indictors for assessing impact

  2020cited by this paper
• Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939 continues its invasion in the Baltic Sea: first record from Bornholm (Denmark)

  2019cited by this paper
• Effect of salinity on the distribution of Ponto-Caspian gammarids in a non-native area – environmental and experimental study

  2018cited by this paper
• Recruitment patterns, low cannibalism and reduced interspecific predation contribute to high invasion success of two Pacific crabs in northwestern Europe

  2018cited by this paper
• Ocean current connectivity propelling the secondary spread of a marine invasive comb jelly across western Eurasia

  2018cited by this paper
• The conquest (and avoidance?) of the brackish environment by Ponto-Caspian amphipods: A case study of the German Baltic Sea

  2018cited by this paper
• Heading northward to Scandinavia: Undaria pinnatifida in the northern Wadden Sea

  2018cited by this paper
• Selection for life‐history traits to maximize population growth in an invasive marine species

  2018cited by this paper
• Community cascades in a marine pelagic food web controlled by the non-visual apex predator Mnemiopsis leidyi

  2017cited by this paper
• Fecundity of the invasive marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata near the current northern extreme of its range

  2017cited by this paper
• Effects of a bio-invasion of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) in five shallow water habitats in Scandinavia

  2017cited by this paper
• Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans

  2016cited by this paper
• Development of a generic decision-support tool for identifying potentially invasive aquatic taxa: AS-ISK

  2016cited by this paper
• Feeding traits of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, and the invasive Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

  2016cited by this paper
• Fund af Bonamia ostreae i danske østers fra Limfjorden

  2015cited by this paper
• High fecundity and predation pressure of the invasive Gammarus tigrinus cause decline of indigenous gammarids

  2015cited by this paper
• Reproduction rates under variable food conditions and starvation in Mnemiopsis leidyi: significance for the invasion success of a ctenophore

  2015cited by this paper
• Metabolic responses to temperature stress under elevated pCO2 in Crepidula fornicata

  2015cited by this paper
• Molecular identification of Didemnum vexillum Kott, 1982 from sites around the UK coastline

  2015cited by this paper
• Redescription of Tharyx killariensis (Southern) from Ireland and description of two new species of Tharyx from the Kattegat, Sweden (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae).

  2015cited by this paper
• Invasion rate and population characteristics of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus: effects of density and invasion history

  2015cited by this paper
• First report on Beroe ovata in an unusual mixture of ctenophores in the Great Belt (Denmark)

  2014cited by this paper
• Long-term patterns in the establishment, expansion and decline of invading macrozoobenthic species in the brackish and marine waters of Southwest Netherlands

  2014cited by this paper
• Carbon content of Mnemiopsis leidyi eggs and specific egg production rates in northern Europe

  2014cited by this paper
• Jellyfish and Ctenophores in Limfjorden (Denmark)—Mini-Review, with Recent New Observations

  2014cited by this paper
• The invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 along the English Channel and the North Sea French coasts: another introduction pathway in northern European waters?

  2014cited by this paper
• Offshore marine renewable energy devices as stepping stones across biogeographical boundaries

  2014cited by this paper
• Eelgrass re-establishment in shallow estuaries is affected by drifting macroalgae: Evaluated by agent-based modeling

  2014cited by this paper
• Is a rapid expansion of the invasive amphipod Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939 associated with its niche selection: a case study in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea

  2013cited by this paper
• Invasion biology of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus: A review

  2013cited by this paper
• Effects of the invasive macroalgae Gracilaria vermiculophylla on two co-occurring foundation species and associated invertebrates

  2013cited by this paper
• Predicted effects of climate change on potential sources of non‐indigenous marine species

  2013cited by this paper
• Marine Taxa Track Local Climate Velocities

  2013cited by this paper
• Impact of the invasive polychaete Marenzelleria viridis on the biogeochemistry of sandy marine sediments

  2013cited by this paper
• Do invasive species perform better in their new ranges?

  2013cited by this paper
• Globalization pressure and habitat change: Pacific rocky shore crabs invade armored shorelines in the Atlantic Wadden Sea.

  2013cited by this paper
• Environmental constraints of the invasive Mnemiopsis leidyi in Scandinavian waters

  2013cited by this paper
• Seasonal dynamics of early life stages of invasive and native ctenophores give clues to invasion and bloom potential in the Baltic Sea

  2013cited by this paper
• Impacts of biological invasions: what's what and the way forward.

  2013cited by this paper
• Direct and indirect effects of Gracilaria vermiculophylla on native Fucus vesiculosus.

  2013cited by this paper
• Invading European Seas: Assessing pathways of introduction of marine aliens

  2013cited by this paper
• The effect of temporal variability in salinity on the invasive red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla

  2012cited by this paper
• Some like it hot: the effect of temperature on brood development in the invasive crab Hemigrapsus takanoi (Decapoda: Brachyura: Varunidae)

  2012cited by this paper
• Twenty years of invasion: a review of round goby Neogobius melanostomus biology, spread and ecological implications.

  2012cited by this paper
• Effect of invasive species on the structure and function of the Sylt-Rømø Bight ecosystem,northern Wadden Sea, over three time periods

  2012cited by this paper
• Macrobenthic community response to the Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta) invasion of a Danish estuary

  2012cited by this paper
• Bioactive compounds in seaweed: functional food applications and legislation

  2011cited by this paper
• Toxic effects of three closely-related dinoflagellates, Karenia concordia, K. brevisulcata and K. mikimotoi (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) on other microalgal species

  2011cited by this paper
• Contrasting effects of the polychaetes Marenzelleria viridis and Nereis diversicolor on benthic metabolism and solute transport in sandy coastal sediment

  2011cited by this paper
• Salinity Gradient of the Baltic Sea Limits the Reproduction and Population Expansion of the Newly Invaded Comb Jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi

  2011cited by this paper
• Morphology and distribution of some marine diatoms, family Rhizosoleniaceae, genus Proboscia, Neocalyptrella, Pseudosolenia, Guinardia , and Dactyliosolen in Korean coastal waters

  2011cited by this paper
• The River Odra estuary - another Baltic Sea area colonized by the round goby Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1811.

  2010cited by this paper
• Stealth predation and the predatory success of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

  2010cited by this paper
• Potential effects of the invasive species Gracilaria vermiculophylla on Zostera marina metabolism and survival.

  2010cited by this paper
• Pseudosolenia calcar-avis (Bacillariophyta, Centrophyceae) in the Caspian Sea

  2010cited by this paper
• Marine biogeographic boundaries and human introduction along the European coast revealed by phylogeography of the prawn Palaemon elegans.

  2010cited by this paper
• Species Distribution Models: Ecological Explanation and Prediction Across Space and Time

  2010cited by this paper
• Invasive Species, Environmental Change and Management, and Health

  2010cited by this paper
• Native and non-native species of hard substrata in the Dutch Wadden Sea

  2010cited by this paper
• Molecular evidence for the occurrence of ctenophore Mertensia ovum in the northern Baltic Sea and implications for the status of the Mnemiopsis leidyi invasion

  2009cited by this paper
• Phylogeny of the mud worm genus Marenzelleria (Polychaeta, Spionidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

  2009cited by this paper
• Massive settlements of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Scandinavia

  2009cited by this paper
• Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems

  2009cited by this paper
• Long-term changes in phytoplankton in the Kattegat, the Belt Sea, the Sound and the western Baltic Sea

  2009cited by this paper
• Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity

  2008cited by this paper
• Phytoplankton invasions: comments on the validity of categorizing the non-indigenous dinoflagellates and diatoms in European seas.

  2008cited by this paper
• Molecular identification key based on PCR/RFLP for three polychaete sibling species of the genus Marenzelleria, and the species’ current distribution in the Baltic Sea

  2008cited by this paper
• Invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in Limfjorden (Denmark) in late summer 2007 - assessment of abundance and predation effects.

  2007cited by this paper
• Alien species in the marine and brackish ecosystem: the situation in Belgian waters.

  2007cited by this paper
• Pathology of wild and cultured fish affected by a Karenia mikimotoi bloom in Ireland, 2005

  2007cited by this paper
• Assessment of biopollution in aquatic ecosystems.

  2007cited by this paper
• Global change and marine communities: alien species and climate change.

  2007cited by this paper
• The presence of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Oslofjorden and considerations on the initial invasion pathways to the North and Baltic Seas

  2007cited by this paper
• Alien macroalgae in Denmark – a broad-scale national perspective

  2007cited by this paper
• Recent population expansions of non-native ascidians in The Netherlands

  2007cited by this paper
• Invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi widely distributed in Danish waters

  2007cited by this paper

• Data towards assessing non-indigenous species introductions in the Black Sea

  2025cites this paper
• Assessing the invasion risk of the cnidaria Blackfordia virginica Mayer, 1910: a threat to the Baltic Sea ecosystem?

  2025cites this paper
• Disentangling the potential effects of four non-indigenous species on commercially and recreationally used fish stocks in the Baltic Sea—a review

  2025cites this paper
• The collective effects of potential drivers on the incidence of non-indigenous species in the Mediterranean: A long-term investigation.

  2025cites this paper
• Structure of Non-Indigenous Fouling Assemblages and Biocontamination Levels in Portuguese Recreational Marinas Under Different Salinity Conditions

  2025cites this paper
• Biological invasions: a global assessment of geographic distributions, long‐term trends, and data gaps

  2025cites this paper
• Ports of Entry: Tracking Marine Invaders in Portuguese Marinas with DNA Metabarcoding from Coast to Archipelagos

  2025cites this paper
• Comprehensive DNA metabarcoding-based detection of non-indigenous invertebrates in recreational marinas through a multi-substrate approach.

  2024cites this paper
• National assessment on the status, trends and impacts of marine non-indigenous species for the European Union marine strategy framework directive

  2024cites this paper
• Non-indigenous seaweeds in the Iberian Peninsula, Macaronesia Islands (Madeira, Azores, Canary Islands) and Balearic Islands: Biodiversity, ecological impact, invasion dynamics, and potential industrial applications

  2024cites this paper
• Using biophysical modelling and marine connectivity to assess the risk of natural dispersal of non-indigenous species to comply with the Ballast Water Management Convention

  2024cites this paper
• Non-Indigenous Species Dynamics in Time and Space within the Coastal Waters of The Netherlands

  2023cites this paper
• Hybridization and adaptive introgression in a marine invasive species in native habitats

  2023cites this paper
• Marine invasive alien species in Europe: 9 years after the IAS Regulation

  2023cites this paper
• Marine Non-Indigenous Species Dynamics in Time and Space within the Coastal Waters of the Republic of Ireland

  2023cites this paper
• Modelled dispersal pathways of non-indigenous species in the Danish Wadden Sea.

  2023cites this paper