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Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Is Activated Independently of β1 Integrin*

W. Vogel,C. Brakebusch,R. Fässler,Frauke H. E. Alves,F. Ruggiero,T. Pawson

Published 2000 in Journal of Biological Chemistry

ABSTRACT

Various types of collagen have been identified as potential ligands for the two mammalian discoidin domain receptor (DDR) tyrosine kinases, DDR1 and DDR2. It is presently unclear whether collagen-induced DDR receptor activation, which occurs with very slow kinetics, involves additional proteins with kinase activity or membrane-anchored proteins serving as coreceptors. In particular, the role of the collagen-binding integrins α1β1 or α2β1 in the DDR activation process is undefined. Here, we provide three lines of evidence suggesting that DDR1 signaling is distinct from integrin activation. First we demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of DDR1 is essential for receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Collagen-induced DDR receptor autophosphorylation can be blocked either by a dominant negative mutant or by a preparation of recombinant extracellular domain. Second, we show DDR1 signals independent of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. In cells that endogenously express both DDR1 and the EGF receptor, stimulation with EGF does not induce DDR activation. Third, we detected full DDR1 activation after collagen stimulation in cells that have been treated with blocking antibodies for α2β1 integrin or in cells with a targeted deletion of the β1 integrin gene. Finally, we show that overexpression of dominant negative DDR1 in the myoblast cell line C2C12 blocks cellular differentiation and the formation of myofibers.

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