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Effect of stress hormones on the metabolome of a suspension culture of the aromatic medicinal plant Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus

A. Abdelsalam,K. Chowdhury,Arezue Boroujerdi,A. El-Bakry

Published 2023 in Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture

ABSTRACT

Exogenous application of stress hormones to Cymbopogon schoenanthus suspension culture impacted metabolic pathways involved in amino acids and protein metabolism, induced novel medicinal compounds (theophylline and syringate) and upregulated osmoprotectants. The current study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of different concentrations (0.0–200.0 µM) of jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and salicylic acid (SA) on suspension culture mass production and untargeted metabolic profiling of the medicinal plant Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus . The addition of 50 µM MeJA improved the fresh weight of embryogenic tissue significantly. MeJA and SA did not affect tissue dry weight, whereas JA significantly decreased it. Based on ^1H and ^1H–^13C NMR data and NMR databases, 50 compounds were identified. The addition of stress hormones resulted in the biosynthesis of novel metabolites like theophylline and syringate that were absent in control samples. In addition, significant variations in the concentrations of numerous compounds, including sugars, amino acids, organic acids, phenols, and alkaloids, were observed. The upregulation of trigonelline concentration was observed upon the addition of a higher concentration of MeJA (200 µM), whereas all tested concentrations of SA resulted in its upregulation. Addition of JA and SA causes significant changes in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway and amino acid metabolism pathways, such as alanine-aspartate and glutamate metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. MeJA had significant impacts on glycolysis and starch-glucose metabolism pathways in addition to amino acids metabolism pathways. The present findings were successful in demonstrating a correlation and distinction between the effects of JA, MeJA, and SA, on the metabolome of Cymbopogon schoenanthus , a valuable medicinal plant. The identified metabolites and their associated pathways would be valuable in future biotechnology applications of the genus Cymbopogon .

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