A review of the issues in the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides.

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  1999

• Venue

  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta

• Publication date

  1999-12-10

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Chemistry

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00140-2PMID 10806998
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Synthetic Oligonucleotides: The Development of Antisense Therapeutics

  1999cited by this paper
• Preclinical development of antisense therapeutics

  1999cited by this paper
• Immunostimulatory CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides cause extramedullary murine hemopoiesis.

  1999cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetic Properties of Phosphorothioates in Animals — Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination

  1998cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetic Properties of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides in Humans

  1998cited by this paper
• The role of CpG dinucleotides in DNA vaccines.

  1998cited by this paper
• CpG DNA induces sustained IL-12 expression in vivo and resistance to Listeria monocytogenes challenge.

  1998cited by this paper
• CpG DNA, a novel immune enhancer for systemic and mucosal immunization with influenza virus.

  1998cited by this paper
• CpG DNA is a potent enhancer of specific immunity in mice immunized with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen.

  1998cited by this paper
• Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides inhibit the intrinsic tenase complex.

  1998cited by this paper
• Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs enhance the efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy of lymphoma.

  1997cited by this paper
• Combinatorial Screening and Rational Optimization for Hybridization to Folded Hepatitis C Virus RNA of Oligonucleotides with Biological Antisense Activity*

  1997cited by this paper
• Activation of the alternative pathway of complement by a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide: potential mechanism of action.

  1997cited by this paper
• Comparison of the toxicity profiles of ISIS 1082 and ISIS 2105, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, following subacute intradermal administration in Sprague-Dawley rats.

  1997cited by this paper
• Evaluation of the Toxicity of ISIS 2302, a Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide, in a 4-Week Study in CD-1 Mice

  1997cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics and metabolism in mice of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide antisense inhibitor of C-raf-1 kinase expression.

  1997cited by this paper
• Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic profile of an intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ISIS 2302).

  1997cited by this paper
• Inhibition of Coagulation by a Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide

  1997cited by this paper
• Immune stimulation--a class effect of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in rodents.

  1997cited by this paper
• Evaluation of the toxicity of ISIS 2302, a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, in a four-week study in cynomolgus monkeys.

  1997cited by this paper
• Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif are effective as immune adjuvants in tumor antigen immunization.

  1997cited by this paper
• Characterization of oligonucleotide metabolism in vivo via liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer.

  1997cited by this paper
• Bacterial DNA-induced NK cell IFN-gamma production is dependent on macrophage secretion of IL-12.

  1997cited by this paper
• Antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors for the treatment of cancer: 2. Toxicological properties of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides.

  1997cited by this paper
• An ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide prevents and reverses dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

  1997cited by this paper
• On-line HPLC electrospray mass spectrometry of phosphorothioate oligonucleotide metabolites.

  1997cited by this paper
• Cellular distribution of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in normal rodent tissues.

  1997cited by this paper
• Histological Localization of Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides in Normal Rodent Tissue

  1997cited by this paper
• Bacterial DNA-Induced NK Cell IFN-γ Production Is Dependent on Macrophage Secretion of IL-12

  1997cited by this paper
• Characterization of Oligonucleotide MetabolismIn Vivovia Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry with a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer

  1997cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetic Properties of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides

  1997cited by this paper
• Single-dose hemodynamic toxicity and pharmacokinetics of a partial phosphorothioate anti-HIV oligonucleotide (AR177) after intravenous infusion to cynomolgus monkeys.

  1996cited by this paper
• Potent and selective inhibition of gene expression by an antisense heptanucleotide

  1996cited by this paper
• CpG motifs present in bacteria DNA rapidly induce lymphocytes to secrete interleukin 6, interleukin 12, and interferon gamma.

  1996cited by this paper
• Animal models of antisense oligonucleotides: lessons for use in humans.

  1996cited by this paper
• Effect of antisense oligonucleotides on cytokine release from human keratinocytes in an in vitro model of skin.

  1996cited by this paper
• IFN-gamma promotes IL-6 and IgM secretion in response to CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and oligodeoxynucleotides.

  1996cited by this paper
• Development of a novel scintillation proximity competitive hybridization assay for the determination of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide plasma concentrations in a toxicokinetic study.

  1996cited by this paper
• Phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides: questions of specificity.

  1996cited by this paper
• Pharmacology of antisense therapeutic agents : cancer and inflamination.

  1996cited by this paper
• Induction of NK activity in murine and human cells by CpG motifs in oligodeoxynucleotides and bacterial DNA.

  1996cited by this paper
• Developmental abnormalities in cultured mouse embryos deprived of retinoic by inhibition of yolk-sac retinol binding protein synthesis.

  1996cited by this paper
• Clearance kinetics, biodistribution, and organ saturability of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in mice.

  1996cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetic properties of several novel oligonucleotide analogs in mice.

  1996cited by this paper
• Inhibition of interleukin-1 type I receptor expression in human cell-lines by an antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide.

  1996cited by this paper
• Review of in vivo pharmacokinetics and toxicology of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides

  1995cited by this paper
• Characterization of Binding Sites, Extent of Binding, and Drug Interactions of Oligonucleotides with Albumin

  1995cited by this paper
• Renal uptake of an 18-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide.

  1995cited by this paper
• Antisense targeting of engrailed-1 causes abnormal axis formation in mouse embryos.

  1995cited by this paper
• CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation

  1995cited by this paper
• Sequence context of antisense RelA/NF-kappa B phosphorothioates determines specificity.

  1995cited by this paper
• Absorption, tissue distribution and in vivo stability in rats of a hybrid antisense oligonucleotide following oral administration.

  1995cited by this paper
• Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides: Antisense or Anti-Protein?

  1995cited by this paper
• Phosphate analogs for study of DNA polymerases.

  1995cited by this paper
• The antiproliferative activity of c-myb and c-myc antisense oligonucleotides in smooth muscle cells is caused by a nonantisense mechanism.

  1995cited by this paper
• Antisense inhibition of engrailed genes in mouse embryos reveals roles for these genes in craniofacial and neural tube development.

  1995cited by this paper
• Inhibition of endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression with antisense oligonucleotides.

  1994cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics of a 14C-labeled phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, ISIS 2105, after intradermal administration to rats.

  1994cited by this paper
• Biodistribution and metabolism of internally 3H-labeled oligonucleotides. I. Comparison of a phosphodiester and a phosphorothioate.

  1994cited by this paper
• In Vivo Toxicological Effects of rel A Antisense Phosphorothioates in CD-1 Mice

  1994cited by this paper
• Complement Activation and Hemodynamic Changes Following Intravenous Administration of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides in the Monkey

  1994cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and stability of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate ISIS 3466 in mice.

  1994cited by this paper
• A pharmacokinetic evaluation of 14C‐labeled afovirsen sodium in patients with genital warts

  1994cited by this paper
• Effect of phosphorothioate modification of oligodeoxynucleotides on specific protein binding.

  1994cited by this paper
• Blocking of heart allograft rejection by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antisense oligonucleotides alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive modalities.

  1994cited by this paper
• Sequence specific inhibition of human type II phospholipase A2 enzyme activity by phosphorothioate oligonucleotides.

  1994cited by this paper
• Inhibition of protein kinase C-alpha expression in human A549 cells by antisense oligonucleotides inhibits induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) mRNA by phorbol esters.

  1994cited by this paper
• Combinatorially selected guanosine-quartet structure is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus envelope-mediated cell fusion.

  1994cited by this paper
• Effect on Embryos of Injection of Phosphorothioate-Modified Oligonucleotides into Pregnant Mice

  1993cited by this paper
• In vivo anticoagulant properties of a novel nucleotide-based thrombin inhibitor and demonstration of regional anticoagulation in extracorporeal circuits.

  1993cited by this paper
• Disposition of the 14C-labeled phosphorothioate oligonucleotide ISIS 2105 after intravenous administration to rats.

  1993cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, and Stability of Capped Oligodeoxynucleotide Phosphorothioates in Mice

  1993cited by this paper
• A Sense Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide Directed to the Initiation Codon of Transcription Factor NF-κ-B Causes Sequence-Specific Immune Stimulation

  1993cited by this paper
• Implication of RNA structure on antisense oligonucleotide hybridization kinetics.

  1992cited by this paper
• Walking along human c-myc mRNA with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides: maximum efficacy at the 5' cap region.

  1991cited by this paper
• In vivo studies with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides: pharmacokinetics prologue.

  1991cited by this paper
• Antisense oligonucleotides inhibit intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression by two distinct mechanisms.

  1991cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and stability of oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioates in mice.

  1991cited by this paper
• Inhibition of rabbit beta-globin synthesis by complementary oligonucleotides: identification of mRNA sites sensitive to inhibition.

  1988cited by this paper
• DNA binding to human leukocytes. Evidence for a receptor-mediated association, internalization, and degradation of DNA.

  1985cited by this paper
• Activation of the alternative pathway of complement: efficient fluid‐phase amplification by blockade of the regulatory complement protein β1H through sulfated polyanions

  1981cited by this paper
• Stereochemistry of the transesterification step of ribonuclease T 1 .

  1972cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics , biodistribution , and stability of oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioates in mice ( antisense inhibition of gene expression / antiviral therapy / oligodeoxynucleotide uptake / human inimunodeficiency virus )

  year unknowncited by this paper

• Chemical control of 2’-hydroxyl-dependent Cas9 target engagement enables CRISPR RNA ribose replacement

  2026cites this paper
• Investigating the Biophysical Properties and In Vivo Activity of 7',5'-Alpha-Bicyclo-DNA Phosphodiester Backbone Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotides.

  2026cites this paper
• Chemical Insights into Oligonucleotide-Protein Binding for Therapeutic Applications.

  2025cites this paper
• Research progress of metal-CpG composite nanoadjuvants in tumor immunotherapy.

  2025cites this paper
• Solution-Phase Synthesis of Boranophosphate and Boranophosphate/Phosphorothioate/Phosphate Chimeric Oligonucleotides via the H‑Boranophosphonate Method

  2025cites this paper
• Artificial Intelligence-Driven Design of Antisense Oligonucleotides for Precision Medicine in Neuromuscular Disorders

  2025cites this paper
• Antisense molecules: A promising new therapy for atopic dermatitis

  2025cites this paper
• Transforming cancer immunotherapy: Overcoming immunosuppression in tumors via gene silencing techniques based on nanoparticles

  2025cites this paper
• miRNAs in oral cancer; diagnostic and prognostic roles.

  2025cites this paper
• A Brief Review of Radiolabelling Nucleic Acid-Based Molecules for Tracking and Monitoring.

  2024cites this paper
• Enhancing siRNA cancer therapy: Multifaceted strategies with lipid and polymer-based carrier systems.

  2024cites this paper
• Phosphorothioate RNA Analysis by NETD Tandem Mass Spectrometry

  2024cites this paper
• Nuclear Factor-κB Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide Attenuates Cartilage Resorption In Vitro

  2024cites this paper
• Vaccine Formulation Strategies and Challenges Involved in RNA Delivery for Modulating Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Race from Laboratory to Market

  2023cites this paper
• Enhancing Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Therapeutic Delivery with DG9, a Versatile Cell-Penetrating Peptide

  2023cites this paper
• A fluorescent splice-switching mouse model enables high-throughput, sensitive quantification of antisense oligonucleotide delivery and activity

  2023cites this paper
• Synthesis of P-Modified DNA from Boranophosphate DNA as a Precursor via Acyl Phosphite Intermediates

  2023cites this paper
• Lipid nanoparticle delivery limits antisense oligonucleotide activity and cellular distribution in the brain after intracerebroventricular injection

  2023cites this paper
• Overcoming Pharmaceutical Bottlenecks for Nucleic Acid Drug Development.

  2023cites this paper
• A holistic analysis of the intrinsic and delivery-mediated toxicity of siRNA therapeutics.

  2023cites this paper
• Influence of the Charge Ratio of Guanine-Quadruplex Structure-Based CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides and Cationic DOTAP Liposomes on Cytokine Induction Profiles

  2023cites this paper
• Chemistry, structure and function of approved oligonucleotide therapeutics

  2023cites this paper
• The safety and toxicity profile of SPL84, an inhaled antisense oligonucleotide for treatment of cystic fibrosis patients with the 3849 +10kb C->T mutation, supports a Phase 1/2 clinical study

  2023influential citation
• The Medicinal Chemistry of Artificial Nucleic Acids and Therapeutic Oligonucleotides

  2022cites this paper
• Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy for the Nervous System: From Bench to Bedside with Emphasis on Pediatric Neurology

  2022cites this paper
• Considerations and recommendations for assessment of plasma protein binding and drug–drug interactions for siRNA therapeutics

  2022cites this paper
• Heart Failure

  2022cites this paper
• Introduction and History of the Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Therapeutics

  2022cites this paper
• Advances in the design of new types of inhaled medicines.

  2022cites this paper
• Image-guided in situ cancer vaccination with combination of multi-functional nano-adjuvant and an irreversible electroporation technique.

  2022cites this paper
• Altering gene expression using antisense oligonucleotide therapy for hearing loss.

  2022cites this paper
• Precision Anti-Cancer Medicines by Oligonucleotide Therapeutics in Clinical Research Targeting Undruggable Proteins and Non-Coding RNAs

  2022cites this paper
• Radiolabelling small and biomolecules for tracking and monitoring

  2022cites this paper
• ADME of Biologicals and New Therapeutic Modalities

  2021cites this paper
• Antisense oligonucleotides and nucleic acids generate hypersensitive platelets.

  2021cites this paper
• Methods Used to Make Lipid Nanoparticles to Deliver LNA Gapmers Against lncRNAs into Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Blasts.

  2021cites this paper
• Therapeutic Prospects of Exon Skipping for Epidermolysis Bullosa

  2021cites this paper
• Solid-Phase Synthesis of Boranophosphate/Phosphorothioate/Phosphate Chimeric Oligonucleotides and Their Potential as Antisense Oligonucleotides

  2021cites this paper
• Antisense oligonucleotide technology as a research tool in plant biology.

  2021cites this paper
• Circular Antisense Oligonucleotides for Specific RNase-H-Mediated microRNA Inhibition with Reduced Off-Target Effects and Nonspecific Immunostimulation.

  2021cites this paper
• Interactions between noncoding RNAs as epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases.

  2021cites this paper
• Enhancement of the Immunostimulatory Effect of Phosphodiester CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides by an Antiparallel Guanine-Quadruplex Structural Scaffold

  2021cites this paper
• Safety Testing of an Antisense Oligonucleotide Intended for Pediatric Indications in the Juvenile Göttingen Minipig, including an Evaluation of the Ontogeny of Key Nucleases

  2021cites this paper
• Pharmacokinetics and Proceedings in Clinical Application of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics.

  2020cites this paper
• Emerging siRNA design principles and consequences for biotransformation and disposition in drug development.

  2020cites this paper
• Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Knowledge, Tools and Technologies for Investigation, and Future Directions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

  2020cites this paper
• Opportunities and challenges for the clinical translation of structured DNA assemblies as gene therapeutic delivery and vaccine vectors

  2020influential citation
• Antisense oligonucleotide-based therapies for the treatment of osteoarthritis: Opportunities and roadblocks.

  2020cites this paper
• Strategies and technologies for exploring long noncoding RNAs in heart failure.

  2020cites this paper
• Different reactivity of Sp and Rp isomers of phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides in a duplex structure.

  2020cites this paper
• Opportunities and challenges for antisense oligonucleotide therapies

  2020cites this paper
• Synthesis of protein conjugates adsorbed on cationic liposomes surface

  2020cites this paper
• OTS Rare Disease Nof-1 + Workshop Briefing Document

  2020cites this paper
• Design of a novel vaccine nanotechnology-based delivery system comprising CpGODN-protein conjugate anchored to liposomes.

  2020cites this paper
• MicroRNA: Promising Roles in Cancer Therapy.

  2020cites this paper
• miRNAs in diabetic wound healing

  2020cites this paper
• The Pharmacokinetics of 2′-O-Methyl Phosphorothioate Antisense Oligonucleotides: Experiences from Developing Exon Skipping Therapies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

  2019cites this paper
• Nanostructured DNA for the delivery of therapeutic agents.

  2019cites this paper
• Solid-Phase Synthesis of Phosphate/Boranophosphate Chimeric DNAs using the H-Phosphonate-H-Boranophosphonate Method.

  2019cites this paper
• Toxicologic evaluation of repetitive 4‐week intravenous injections of midkine antisense oligonucleotide nanoliposomes in rats

  2019cites this paper
• The current state and future directions of RNAi-based therapeutics

  2019cites this paper
• EnanDIM - a novel family of L-nucleotide-protected TLR9 agonists for cancer immunotherapy

  2019cites this paper
• Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles at a Crossroads of Vaccines and Immunotherapies

  2019cites this paper
• Antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases: the case of polyglutamine disorders.

  2019cites this paper
• Structural interpretation of the 31P NMR chemical shifts in thiophosphate and phosphate: key effects due to spin-orbit and explicit solvent.

  2019cites this paper
• Intracerebroventricular Administration of a 2′-O-Methyl Phosphorothioate Antisense Oligonucleotide Results in Activation of the Innate Immune System in Mouse Brain

  2018cites this paper
• Exaggerated Pharmacology

  2018cites this paper
• Addressing barriers to effective cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: achievements, challenges, and roadmap to the next generation of nanoimmunotherapeutics.

  2018cites this paper
• A G-quadruplex motif at the 3' end of sgRNAs improves CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing efficiency.

  2018cites this paper
• Development of the clinical application of miRNA with proregenerative effect on the heart

  2018cites this paper
• RNA Fibers as Optimized Nanoscaffolds for siRNA Coordination and Reduced Immunological Recognition

  2018cites this paper
• Developing an antisense oligonucleotide treatment for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3

  2018cites this paper
• Enhancement of immunostimulatory effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide by using boron nitride nanospheres

  2018cites this paper
• Tissue Distribution, Metabolism, and Clearance

  2018cites this paper
• Evaluation of the effect of 2'-O-methyl, fluoro hexitol, bicyclo and Morpholino nucleic acid modifications on potency of GalNAc conjugated antisense oligonucleotides in mice.

  2018cites this paper
• IMMUNOPROTECTIVE MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH IN OVO DELIVERY OF OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES CONTAINING CpG MOTIFS (CpG-ODN) AND FORMULATION OF CpG WITH NANOPARTICLES TO ENHANCE ITS EFFICACY IN NEONATAL BROILER CHICKENS

  2018cites this paper
• Hybridization-Independent Effects

  2018cites this paper
• Next-Generation Peptide Nucleic Acid Chimeras Exhibit High Affinity and Potent Gene Silencing.

  2018cites this paper
• Chemical Modification of CRISPR gRNAs Eliminate type I Interferon Responses in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

  2018cites this paper
• In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge.

  2018cites this paper
• RNA Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Disease

  2018cites this paper
• Smaller CpG-Conjugated Gold Nanoconstructs Achieve Higher Targeting Specificity of Immune Activation.

  2018cites this paper
• Mechanisms of Oligonucleotide Actions

  2018cites this paper
• Synthesis of and triplex formation in oligonucleotides containing 2'-deoxy-6-thioxanthosine.

  2018cites this paper
• UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) In vivo tumor growth inhibition and biodistribution studies of locked nucleic acid ( LNA ) antisense oligonucleotides

  2017cites this paper
• Double-stranded phosphodiester cytosine-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide complexed with calcium phosphate as a potent vaccine adjuvant for activating cellular and Th1-type humoral immunities

  2017cites this paper
• Stimulation of Tumor-Specific Immunity by p5 HER-2/neu Generated Peptide Encapsulated in Nano-liposomes with High Phase Transition Temperature Phospholipids.

  2017cites this paper
• Functional Genomics of MicroRNAs

  2017cites this paper
• CpG oligodeoxynucleotide nanomedicines for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancers, infectious diseases, and allergies

  2017cites this paper
• Pharmacokinetics of Therapeutic Proteins

  2017cites this paper
• Recommendations of the Oligonucleotide Safety Working Group's Formulated Oligonucleotide Subcommittee for the Safety Assessment of Formulated Oligonucleotide-Based Therapeutics

  2017cites this paper
• Graphene oxide-chitosan nanocomposites for intracellular delivery of immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides.

  2017cites this paper
• Attachment of class B CpG ODN onto DOTAP/DC-chol liposome in nasal vaccine formulations augments antigen-specific immune responses in mice

  2017cites this paper
• Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Tit le Phosphorothioate Modificat ion of Chimeric 2 '-O-Methyl RNA / Ethylene-Bridged Nucleic Acid Oligonucleot ides Increases Dystrophin Exon 45 Skipping Capability and Reduces Cytotoxicity 著者

  2017cites this paper
• The Future for Genomic Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases

  2017cites this paper
• Nanodelivery systems for enhancing the immunostimulatory effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides.

  2017cites this paper
• Biomaterials for polynucleotide delivery to anchorage-independent cells.

  2017cites this paper
• Therapeutic miRNA and siRNA: Moving from Bench to Clinic as Next Generation Medicine

  2017cites this paper
• Current Progress and Future Prospects in Nucleic Acid Based Therapeutics

  2017cites this paper
• miRNA delivery for skin wound healing

  2017cites this paper