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Scans for Signatures of Selection in Genomes of Wagyu and Buryat Cattle Breeds Reveal Candidate Genes and Genetic Variants for Adaptive Phenotypes and Production Traits

A. Igoshin,G. Romashov,A. A. Yurchenko,N. Yudin,D. M. Larkin

Published 2024 in Animals

ABSTRACT

Simple Summary Turano-Mongolian cattle breeds are known for adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and for outstanding production traits. The Buryat and Wagyu Turano-Mongolian breeds are characterised by adaptation to harsh climates and poor forage, and top-quality marbled meat, respectively. In our study, we explored the genomes of these breeds to learn about the selection underlying these traits. A set of scans for genetic signatures of selection using complementary approaches allowed us to reveal candidate genes and variants likely shaping the biology of Buryat and Wagyu breeds. These findings could help with livestock improvement efforts. Abstract Past and ongoing selection shapes the genomes of livestock breeds. Identifying such signatures of selection allows for uncovering the genetic bases of affected phenotypes, including economically important traits and environmental adaptations, for the further improvement of breed genetics to respond to climate and economic challenges. Turano-Mongolian cattle are a group of taurine breeds known for their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and outstanding production performance. Buryat Turano-Mongolian cattle are among the few breeds adapted to cold climates and poor forage. Wagyu, on the other hand, is famous for high productivity and unique top-quality marbled meat. We used hapFLK, the de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS), PBS, and FST methods to search for signatures of selection in their genomes. The scans revealed signals in genes related to cold adaptation (e.g., STAT3, DOCK5, GSTM3, and CXCL8) and food digestibility (SI) in the Buryat breed, and growth and development traits (e.g., RBFOX2 and SHOX2) and marbling (e.g., DGAT1, IQGAP2, RSRC1, and DIP2B) in Wagyu. Several putatively selected genes associated with reproduction, immunity, and resistance to pathogens were found in both breed genomes. The results of our work could be used for creating new productive adapted breeds or improving the extant breeds.

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