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Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

Iris Hordijk,Lalasia Bialic‐Murphy,Thomas Lauber,D. Routh,L. Poorter,M. Rivers,H. ter Steege,Jingjing Liang,Peter B. Reich,S. de‐Miguel,G. Nabuurs,Javier G. P. Gamarra,Han Y. H. Chen,Mo Zhou,S. Wiser,H. Pretzsch,A. Paquette,Nicolas Picard,B. Hérault,Jean‐François Bastin,Giorgio Alberti,M. Abegg,Yves C. Adou Yao,Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano,B. V. Alvarado,Esteban Alvarez-Davila,P. Alvarez-Loayza,Luciana F. Alves,C. Ammer,C. Antón-Fernández,A. Araujo-Murakami,L. Arroyo,V. Avitabile,Gerardo A. Aymard Corredor,Timothy R. Baker,O. Bánki,J. Barroso,M. Bastian,L. Birigazzi,P. Birnbaum,R. Bitariho,Pascal Boeckx,F. Bongers,O. Bouriaud,P. Brancalion,Susanne Brandl,R. Brienen,Eben N. Broadbent,H. Bruelheide,Filippo Bussotti,R. Gatti,R. César,Goran D. Češljar,Robin L. Chazdon,Chelsea Chisholm,E. Cienciala,Connie J. Clark,David B. Clar,G. Colletta,David A. Coomes,F. Valverde,J. Corral-Rivas,P. Crim,Jonathan Cumming,S. Dayanandan,A. L. de Gasper,Mathieu Decuyper,G. Derroire,Ben DeVries,I. Djordjević,Amaral Iêda,Aurélie Dourdain,J. Doležal,N. Obiang,B. Enquist,Teresa J. Eyre,A. B. Fandohan,T. Fayle,L. V. Ferreira,T. Feldpausch,L. Finér,M. Fischer,C. Fletcher,L. Frizzera,D. Gianelle,H. Glick,David J. Harris,A. Hector,A. Hemp,G. Hengeveld,J. Herbohn,Annika Hillers,Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado,C. Hui,Hyunkook Cho,Thomas Ibanez,Ilbin Jung,N. Imai,A. Jagodziński,Bogdan Jaroszewicz,V. Johannsen,C. Joly,T. Jucker,V. Karminov,K. Kartawinata,E. Kearsley,D. Kenfack,D. Kennard,S. Kepfer‐Rojas,G. Keppel,M. L. Khan,T. Killeen,H. S. Kim,K. Kitayama,Michael Köhl,H. Korjus,F. Kraxner,D. Laarmann,Mait Lang,S. Lewis,Huicui Lu,N. Lukina,Brian Salvin Maitner,Y. Malhi,É. Marcon,B. Marimon,B. H. Marimon‐Junior,Andrew R. Marshall,Emanuel H. Martin,O. Martynenko,J. Meave,Omar Melo‐Cruz,C. Mendoza,C. Merow,S. Miścicki,A. Mendoza,Vanessa S Moreno,S. A. Mukul,Philip Mundhenk,M. G. Nava-Miranda,D. Neill,V. Neldner,R. Nevenic,M. Ngugi,P. Niklaus,J. Oleksyn,P. Ontikov,Edgar Ortiz‐Malavasi,Yude Pan,Alexander Parada‐Gutierrez,E. Parfenova,Minjee Park,M. Parren,N. Parthasarathy,P. Peri,S. Pfautsch,O. Phillips,M. Piedade,D. Piotto,N. Pitman,I. Polo,A. D. Poulsen,J. Poulsen,F. Arevalo,Zorayda Restrepo‐Correa,M. Rodeghiero,S. Rolim,A. Roopsind,F. Rovero,Ervan Rutishauser,P. Saikia,Christian Salas‐Eljatib,P. Schall,D. Schepaschenko,M. Scherer‐Lorenzen,Bernhard Schmid,J. Schöngart,Eric B. Searle,V. Šebeň,J. Serra-Diaz,Douglas Sheil,A. Shvidenko,J. Silva-Espejo,M. Silveira,James Singh,P. Sist,F. Slik,B. Sonké,Alexandre F. Souza,Krzysztof Stereńczak,Jens‐Christian Svenning,Miroslav Svoboda,B. Swanepoel,N. Targhetta,Nadja Tchebakova,R. Thomas,Elena Tikhonova,P. Umunay,V. Usoltsev,R. Valencia,F. Valladares,Fons van der Plas,Tran Van Do,Michael E. Van Nuland,R. V. Martínez,H. Verbeeck,H. Viana,A. Vibrans,S. Vieira,K. von Gadow,Hua‐Feng Wang,James Watson,G. D. Werner,F. Wittmann,V. Wortel,R. Zagt,T. Zawila-Niedzwiecki,Chunyu Zhang,Xiuhai Zhao,Zhi-Xin Zhu,I. C. Zo-Bi,D. Maynard,T. W. Crowther

Published 2024 in Global Ecology and Biogeography

ABSTRACT

Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species?Global.1990–2017.Trees.We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated.Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large‐scale land degradation.By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest that also widespread species should be considered in large‐scale management and conservation practices.

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