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ABSTRACT

Background: Chronic diseases are increasingly prevalent worldwide, with lifestyle choices playing a significant role in their management. Free radicals and oxidative stress have been implicated in various chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. These conditions arise from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's antioxidant defenses. Aim: This review aims to explore how lifestyle choices influence oxidative stress and chronic disease management, with a focus on the role of healthcare providers in guiding lifestyle modifications to mitigate oxidative stress and improve health outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on the mechanisms of oxidative stress and its impact on chronic diseases. Studies on the effects of lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption on oxidative stress were analyzed. The role of antioxidants in counteracting oxidative damage and their implications for chronic disease management were also examined. Results: The review highlights that lifestyle factors significantly affect oxidative stress levels. Moderate exercise enhances antioxidant defenses, while excessive physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption exacerbate oxidative stress. A diet rich in antioxidants helps mitigate oxidative damage. 

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