Impact of ultra-processed foods on human health: A comprehensive review of genomic instability and molecular mechanisms.

Raquel D S Freitas,Juliana da Silva

Published 2025 in Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)

ABSTRACT

In this review the nexus between genomic instability and human health is investigated, emphasizing the rising consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Introducing the NOVA food classification system, we explore the significant surge in UPF consumption over the past 3 decades and its correlation with heightened mortality rates. This exploration extends to the development of health issues such as obesity, cancer, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and depression. Existing evidence, including studies involving healthy adolescents and older adults, underscores a clear link between increased consumption of UPFs and heightened DNA damage. The primary objective of this review is to offer a comprehensive examination of the repercussions of elevated UPF consumption on human health. With a specific focus on unraveling the intricate relationship between these dietary choices and genomic instability, the review seeks to enhance our understanding. Through a targeted exploration of molecular pathways, the aim is to illuminate how dependence on UPFs may impact physical and mental well-being.

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