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Physical activity stimulates clock neurons of the day-active rodent Arvicanthis ansorgei

R. Caputo,Robin A. Schoonderwoerd,A. Ramkisoensing,J. A. Janse,Hester C. van Diepen,S. Raison,Paul Pévet,Dominique Sage-Ciocca,Tom Deboer,Etienne Challet,Johanna H Meijer

Published 2025 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

ABSTRACT

Significance Our central biological clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the brain, controls physiological and behavioral rhythms supporting health. During the day, clock neurons are active, while they become silent during the night. This rhythm is genetically encoded and transmitted to other parts of the brain and body. By recording from clock neurons, we established that physical activity leads to immediate activation of the neurons in the diurnal rodent, Arvicanthis. Hence, daytime physical activity increases clock neuron activity, thereby strengthening the output of the clock. In contrast night-time activity would be counterproductive to the clock’s rhythm. The data elucidate the route via which daytime exercise supports clock function and health, whereas rotational shift work at night impairs clock function.

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