ROS homeostasis and cell wall biosynthesis pathway are involved in female inflorescence development of birch (Betula platyphylla)

Female inflorescence development from megasporogenesis to gametogenesis, and mature female gametophyte (FG), is a complex and important event in plant sexual reproduction. However, how this essential developmental process is regulated in birch remains obscure. This study conducted extensive morphological and transcriptomic analyses to reveal possible regulatory mechanisms during birch female inflorescence development. Histological analyses showed that birch exhibits a Polygonum-type embryo sac. During early ovule development, the ovule primordium emerges and subsequently differentiates into the archesporial cell (ASC), initiating megasporogenesis. The megaspore mother cell (MMC) then undergoes meiosis, generating a functional megaspore (FM) that develops into the mature embryo sac (MES). Transcriptomic profiling revealed upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging genes, including BpGSTU17, BpGSTU19, BpAPX1, BpPRXIIE-1, BpSODCP, and BpFDX3, at the MMC stage. At the MES stage, genes involved in both ROS synthesis and scavenging, such as BpACX, BpCuAOγ1, BpGLO1, BpRBOHH, BpUOX2, BpFSD2, BpCAT3, BpGRX, BpNRX, and BpTRX, were significantly expressed. BpPAL, BpC4H, BpCSE, BpCoMT, BpCCoAOMT, BpCAD, BpF5H, BpLAC, BpXTH23, and BpCESA, genes involved in the cell wall biosynthesis pathways including lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, were also upregulated. Our results suggest that ROS homeostasis affects the process of birch megasporogenesis. Genes related to ROS signaling and cell wall synthesis participate in embryo sac maturation.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  BMC Plant Biology

• Publication date

  2025-05-27

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1186/s12870-025-06740-2PMID 40426034PMCID 12108045
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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