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Amino acid coating enables micromotor operation in physiological conditions

Jia Sun,Yusen Ding,Yicheng Ye,Fei Wang,Hao Tian,Jiamiao Jiang,Huaan Li,Junbin Gao,Haixin Tan,Fei Peng,Jinyao Tang,Yingfeng Tu

Published 2025 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

ABSTRACT

Significance In recent years, the use of self-electrophoretic micro/nanomotors in biomedicine has grown, prompting a focus on their stability in high-ionic-strength environments. Here, we propose a simple amino acid modification strategy that significantly boosts the ion tolerance of light-driven titanium dioxide motors, enabling functionality in biological media. This is achieved by increasing surface conductivity, allowing the motors to work in high-ionic environments and, combined with light and ultrasound, effectively induce tumor cell apoptosis. This approach opens possibilities for biomedical applications of self-electrophoretic motors.

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