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A Critical Review of Regenerative Soil Management: A Novel Scoring System for SOC and GHG Emissions in Southeast Asia

P. Udomkun,Thidarat Rupngam,Joachim Müller,C. Masso,Thirasant Boonupara,Puangrat Kaewlom

Published 2025 in Soil use and management

ABSTRACT

This review assesses regenerative soil management practices in Southeast Asia (SEA), focusing on their effectiveness in enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and supporting agricultural sustainability. Practices such as biochar application, agroforestry and compost demonstrate strong potential, while others like residue removal and ash burning show limited or negative impacts. Through SWOT and practice impact coefficient (PIC) analyses, combinations like biochar + agroforestry and biochar + compost emerge as particularly effective, leveraging synergistic benefits for both agronomic and environmental outcomes. The PIC framework serves as an integrative tool by combining economic feasibility (EF) and environmental–social impact (ESI) assessments to evaluate the sustainability and scalability of soil management practices. High‐performing strategies not only improve soil health and reduce emissions but also offer long‐term economic returns, in contrast to the limited benefits of low‐performing options. To maximise outcomes, integrating high‐impact practices with moderately effective ones, such as mulching and conservation tillage, is recommended. Addressing adoption barriers will require a systems‐based approach that combines technical innovation, stakeholder engagement and supportive policy to build climate resilience and advance sustainable agriculture across SEA.

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