Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Adenine Detection in Five Selected Bacterial Strains Under Stress Conditions

Highlights What are the main findings? Adenine was detected as a stress marker in five bacterial strains. Stable Au and Ag NPs enabled SERS-based analysis of secreted bacterial metabolites. What is the implication of the main findings? Label-free SERS detects metabolic stress responses in bacteria cost-effectively. Gold NPs enable long-term, reproducible Raman-based bacterial stress detection. Abstract This pilot study investigated the metabolic responses of five selected bacteria to physiological stress. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze spectral changes associated with the release of adenine, a key metabolite indicative of stress conditions. Laboratory-synthesized spherical silver and gold nanoparticles, which remained stable over an extended period, were employed as enhanced surfaces. Bacterial cultures were analyzed under standard conditions and in the presence of a selected stressor—demineralized water—inducing osmotic stress. The results showed that the adenine signal originated from metabolites released into the surrounding environment rather than directly from the bacterial cell wall. The study confirms the suitability of these cost-effective and easily synthesized stable nanoparticles for the qualitative detection of bacterial metabolites using a commercially available Raman instrument.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Italian National Conference on Sensors

• Publication date

  2025-07-26

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Chemistry, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/s25154629PMID 40807793PMCID 12349020
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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