Role of xanthine oxidase and its inhibitor in hypoxia: reoxygenation injury.

OBJECTIVE This article reviews the biochemistry and function of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO) as well as their role in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Possible benefits of XO blockade are discussed. METHODOLOGY The available literature was reviewed. RESULTS It is evident that relatively high activities of XO are restricted to a few organs in man. Because positive effects of XO blockade with allopurinol have been reported even in organs containing relatively low activities of XO, two other possible favorable actions of allopurinol are mentioned. First it may act as an oxygen radical scavenger, and second, it may augment the adenine nucleotides and, hence, adenosine triphosphate concentration in the cell. CONCLUSIONS XDH and XO may play an important role in a series of pathophysiologic conditions. Their role in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury has been critically reviewed. However, care should be exercised in starting randomized trials to prevent hypoxia-reoxygenation injury with allopurinol, especially in newborn infants. SPECULATION XDH and XO are released from the liver during hypoxic conditions, for instance, and consequently, they may reach a number of organs via the circulation.

• Publication year

  1996

• Venue

  Pediatrics

• Publication date

  1996-07-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1542/peds.98.1.103PMID 8668378
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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