Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: II. Method Variables and Construct Validity

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2005

• Venue

  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

• Publication date

  2005-02-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1177/0146167204271418PMID 15619590
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• A multitrait-multimethod validation of the Implicit Association Test: implicit and explicit attitudes are related but distinct constructs.

  2007cited by this paper
• A Meta-Analysis on the Correlation Between the Implicit Association Test and Explicit Self-Report Measures

  2005cited by this paper
• Task-Set Inertia, Attitude Accessibility, and Compatibility-Order Effects: New Evidence for a Task-Set Switching Account of the Implicit Association Test Effect

  2005cited by this paper
• Psychological research online: report of Board of Scientific Affairs' Advisory Group on the Conduct of Research on the Internet.

  2004cited by this paper
• Implicit and Explicit Ethnocentrism: Revisiting the Ideologies of Prejudice

  2004cited by this paper
• Increasing Implicit Self-Esteem Through Classical Conditioning

  2004cited by this paper
• Underlying processes in the implicit association test: dissociating salience from associations.

  2004cited by this paper
• Does the Implicit Association Test for assessing anxiety measure trait and state variance?

  2004cited by this paper
• Changing the affective valence of the stimulus items influences the IAT by re-defining the category labels

  2004cited by this paper
• Contextual variations in implicit evaluation.

  2003cited by this paper
• Method-specific variance in the implicit association test.

  2003cited by this paper
• The Extrinsic Affective Simon Task.

  2003cited by this paper
• Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.

  2003influential reference
• Psychological Research Online : Opportunities and Challenges

  2003cited by this paper
• The Extrinsic Affective Simon Task.

  2003influential reference
• The Malleability of Automatic Stereotypes and Prejudice

  2002cited by this paper
• E‐Research: Ethics, Security, Design, and Control in Psychological Research on the Internet

  2002cited by this paper
• Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration web site

  2002cited by this paper
• A COGNITIVE SKILL CONFOUND ON THE IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST

  2002cited by this paper
• Health of the Implicit Association Test at age 3.

  2001influential reference
• On the malleability of automatic attitudes: combating automatic prejudice with images of admired and disliked individuals.

  2001cited by this paper
• The nature of remembering : essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder

  2001cited by this paper
• THE GO/NO-GO ASSOCIATION TASK

  2001influential reference
• Imagining stereotypes away: the moderation of implicit stereotypes through mental imagery.

  2001cited by this paper
• Social influence effects on automatic racial prejudice.

  2001cited by this paper
• A Structural and Process Analysis of the Implicit Association Test

  2001cited by this paper
• Implicit Attitude Measures: Consistency, Stability, and Convergent Validity

  2001cited by this paper
• Items' cross-category associations as a confounding factor in the Implicit Association Test.

  2001influential reference
• Mood-induced changes on the Implicit Association Test in recovered depressed patients.

  2001cited by this paper
• A reaction time paradigm to assess (implicit) complaint-specific dysfunctional beliefs.

  2001cited by this paper
• Implicit attitudes can be measured.

  2001influential reference
• Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: the blind men and the elephant revisited?

  2000cited by this paper
• A model of dual attitudes.

  2000influential reference
• Using the implicit association test to measure self-esteem and self-concept.

  2000cited by this paper
• Using the Implicit Association Test to Measure Self-Esteem and Self-Concept

  2000influential reference
• Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test.

  1998cited by this paper
• The automaticity of everyday life.

  1997cited by this paper
• Attitudes as object-evaluation associations: Determinants, consequences, and correlates of attitude accessibility.

  1995influential reference
• Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes.

  1995influential reference
• On the automatic activation of attitudes.

  1986cited by this paper
• The Handbook of Social Psychology

  1985cited by this paper
• Survey methods.

  1985cited by this paper
• Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.

  1959influential reference

• More conflict and less closeness: The mediating role of dyadic interactions in explaining lower teacher–student relationship quality for low SES and ethnic minority students

  2026cites this paper
• The Color of Weather: Examining Associations for Color in Forecast Graphics

  2026cites this paper
• Learning to Like the Enemy: Moral Learning Reduces Affective Polarization

  2026cites this paper
• Unwrapping new product bias: Understanding and measuring consumer’s implicit preference for new products

  2026cites this paper
• Integrating explicit reliability for optimal choices: effect of trustworthiness on decisions and metadecisions

  2026cites this paper
• New online tools to assess children’s implicit social cognition: Replication and generalization of in-person research.

  2025cites this paper
• Associations between childhood interactions with people of Black race/ethnicity and racial implicit association tasks in psychiatric providers in the United States - a cross-sectional study.

  2025cites this paper
• Words of Warmth: Trust and Sociability Norms for over 26k English Words

  2025cites this paper
• Assessing the Predictive Validity of the Function Acquisition Speed Test in the Context of Voting Behavior

  2025influential citation
• Exploring suicidal behaviour through implicit identity and control biases: Findings from the Death-Implicit Association Test and its novel control-adaptation.

  2025cites this paper
• Goal adjustment processes as coping responses to a blocked goal: the sample case of ostracism

  2025cites this paper
• Entity Realism about Implicit Attitudes

  2025cites this paper
• Exploring How Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Relate to Pro-Environmental Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Environmental Moral Disengagement

  2025cites this paper
• Understanding Public Perceptions of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Türkiye

  2025cites this paper
• Compatible Imputation for Hierarchical Linear Models with Incomplete Data: Interaction Effects of Continuous and Categorical Covariates MAR

  2025cites this paper
• Implicit and explicit gender identification in autistic and nonautistic gender clinic-referred youth, and their caregivers.

  2025cites this paper
• AI contextual information shapes moral and aesthetic judgments of AI-generated visual art.

  2025cites this paper
• Does implicit attitude affect travel mode choice behaviors? A study of customized bus attraction to urban railway riders

  2025influential citation
• What social stratifications in bias blind spot can tell us about implicit social bias in both LLMs and humans

  2025cites this paper
• The languages of the Implicit Association Test: Methodological implications from a case study

  2025cites this paper
• Hands representation is more fine graded and more pronounced than whole-body only if we are aware of using a motor strategy

  2025cites this paper
• Using a brief contact to improve trust in the police by the youth

  2025cites this paper
• Do not touch: understanding travelers’ implicit attitudes toward close wildlife interactions and the power of animal-welfare warning messages

  2025cites this paper
• Urban-Themed Mobile Phone Wallpapers Reduce Connectedness with Nature Compared with Nature-Themed Wallpapers: Evidence from Two-Field Studies

  2025cites this paper
• The influence and underlying mechanism of visit frequency on the correspondence of implicit-explicit destination images

  2025cites this paper
• Development and validation of an implicit association test (IAT) for Schwartz's value dimensions

  2025cites this paper
• Implicit occupational gender stereotypes in India: A skills-based empirical analysis using multiple IATs

  2025cites this paper
• Tax aversion as an implicit phenomenon

  2025cites this paper
• Implicit measure of growth mindset: reducing social desirability bias and linking to academic performance

  2025cites this paper
• Towards fairer AI: Integrating psychological insights into gender bias testing

  2025cites this paper
• Effects of exposure to counter-stereotypical fathers on implicit gender attitudes in Japan

  2025cites this paper
• Gender-essentialist beliefs and the gender gap in STEM: Evidence on the gender-essentialism theory

  2025cites this paper
• Consumer response to visual harmony: When is a gender difference not a gender difference?

  2025cites this paper
• A subtle association raising bigger questions: Implicit and explicit ageism in the Dutch age IAT.

  2025cites this paper
• Exploring the relationship between intergroup contact and mental illness stigma among Chinese nursing students: Based on the dual attitudes model.

  2025cites this paper
• Implicit Biases Toward Aging-Related Stimuli Correspond With Anxiety About Aging and Ageism: Evidence From a Crowdsourced Go/No-Go Association Task

  2025cites this paper
• Are You a Closet Dualist? Evidence From Brief Implicit Association Task

  2025cites this paper
• Study protocol for investigating racial disparities in pain care: a comprehensive integration of patient-level and provider-level mechanisms with dyadic communication processes using a mixed-methods research design

  2025cites this paper
• The Ups and Downs of Black and White: Do Sensorimotor Metaphors Reflect an Evolved Perceptual Interface?

  2024cites this paper
• Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Mixed-Sex Couples with Down Syndrome: Impacts of Personhood Perception

  2024cites this paper
• Socialising the Frequency Code: Effects of gender and age on iconic associations of pitcha).

  2024cites this paper
• Separate but Unequal: Ethnocentrism and Racialization Explain the “Democratic” Peace in Public Opinion

  2024cites this paper
• Explicit and Implicit Measures of Black Cat Bias in Cat and Dog People

  2024cites this paper
• People with painful knee osteoarthritis hold negative implicit attitudes towards activity.

  2024cites this paper
• 'Interesting' or 'boring': Modifying the implicit association task to measure implicit fire interest in an adolescent community sample.

  2024cites this paper
• Advocating a place-space duality for an accounting research agenda

  2024cites this paper
• The effect of irrelevant pairings on evaluative responses

  2024cites this paper
• Mitigating Ageism through Virtual Reality: Intergenerational Collaborative Escape Room Design

  2024cites this paper
• Balance between tourism and environment: measuring tourists' implicit and explicit attitudes toward visual conservation messages. The genuine article

  2024cites this paper
• Musculoskeletal surgeons have implicit bias towards the biomedical paradigm of human illness

  2024cites this paper
• Measuring Gender Status Beliefs

  2024cites this paper
• Can health trump taste? Implicit and explicit attitudes toward sugar‐reduction claims and their differentiated impact on purchase intention for cereals

  2024cites this paper
• Initial evidence of reliability and validity of an implicit association test assessing attitudes toward individuals who use substances

  2024cites this paper
• Are eco-friendly hotels inconvenient? An Implicit Association Test

  2024cites this paper
• Unmasking the Aversive Stigmatizer: Integrating Deliberate and Automatic Cognition in the Study of Mental Health Stigma and Perceived Dangerousness

  2024influential citation
• Gender microaggression praxis: A study of implicit prejudice faced by Afghan male students in universities in Delhi

  2024cites this paper
• Assessing the effects of gender stereotype in STEM in a Brazilian university

  2024cites this paper
• Implicit Terror: A Natural Experiment on How Terror Attacks Affect Implicit Bias

  2024cites this paper
• Weight Bias Among Certified Nurse-Midwives and Certified Midwives: Findings From a National Sample.

  2024cites this paper
• Objective assessment criteria reduce the influence of judgmental bias on grading

  2024cites this paper
• A new performance-based measure of personality functioning impairment: development and preliminary evaluation of reliability and validity

  2024cites this paper
• When Games Influence Words: Gaming Addiction among College Students Increases Verbal Aggression through Risk-Biased Drifting in Decision-Making

  2024cites this paper
• What Drives Opposition to Social Rights for Immigrants? Clarifying the Role of Psychological Predispositions

  2024cites this paper
• Fake-News Attitude Evaluation in Terms of Visual Attention and Personality Traits: A Preliminary Study for Mitigating the Cognitive Warfare

  2024cites this paper
• Exemplar-based ingroup projection: The superordinate national category is associated more strongly with ingroup than outgroup political leaders

  2024cites this paper
• Explicit and indirect, latency-based measure of aggression in striking combat sports

  2024cites this paper
• Regional Accents: Spontaneous Biases Toward Speakers Who Sound Like Us

  2024cites this paper
• Explicit and implicit cognitive processes of the public towards people who stutter.

  2024cites this paper
• Can I still eat this? Using Implicit and Explicit Measures to Explore Consumer Behavior Toward Food Products with Date Labels.

  2024cites this paper
• Sociodemographic precursors of explicit and implicit attitudes towards physical activity

  2024cites this paper
• Emotional body representations: more pronounced effect of hands at a more explicit level of awareness

  2024cites this paper
• Bayesian Estimation of Hierarchical Linear Models From Incomplete Data: Cluster‐Level Interaction Effects and Small Sample Sizes

  2024cites this paper
• Effects of the qualification of animal welfare claims in market communication on consumer purchase intentions with and without time constraints: A dual processing perspective

  2024cites this paper
• The Role of Implicit Associations and Ingroup Affiliation on Perceptions of Diversity

  2024cites this paper
• Affective associations towards running: fuzzy patterns of implicit-explicit interaction in young female runners and non-runners

  2024cites this paper
• Understanding food safety and consumer perception: a mixed-method approach

  2023cites this paper
• How are the concepts of poverty and wealth metaphorically represented? The dimensions of building scale, color, and body posture

  2023influential citation
• Detecting the presence of social bias in GPT-3.5 using association tests

  2023cites this paper
• Evaluation of building construction permission certificate and customer satisfaction in Lalitpur city: evidence from structural equation modeling

  2023cites this paper
• Measuring Implicit Biases About Disability: A Scoping Review

  2023cites this paper
• Implicit association tests: Stimuli validation from participant responses.

  2023cites this paper
• Using Implicit Measures to Assess User Experience in Children: A Case Study on the Application of the Implicit Association Test (IAT)

  2023cites this paper
• Effectiveness of virtually delivered Body Project groups to prevent eating disorders in young women at risk: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial

  2023cites this paper
• To stay, remain or leave: how verbal concepts as response options in political referendums such as the Brexit polls might bias voting outcomes

  2023cites this paper
• The relationship between explicit and implicit personality: Evidence from the Big Five and trait emotional intelligence

  2023cites this paper
• Rebels with a cause? How norm violations shape dominance, prestige, and influence granting

  2023cites this paper
• Optimizing appreciation and persuasion of embodied conversational agents for health behavior change: A design experiment and focus group study

  2023cites this paper
• Little Evidence for the Role of Disgust Sensitivity in Implicit Disgust to Images of White People Engaged in Injecting Drug Use (IDU)

  2023cites this paper
• Surgeon Implicit Association of Women With Supportive Roles in Medicine

  2023cites this paper
• The limited promise of interracial friendship: political partisanship moderates the association between having Black friends and anti-Black implicit bias

  2023cites this paper
• The Technology Effect: How Perceptions of Technology Drive The Technology Effect: How Perceptions of Technology Drive Excessive Optimism Excessive Optimism

  2023cites this paper
• The Effect of Psychological Distance on the Experience of Joy Versus Pride

  2023cites this paper
• Generation Z's attitudes toward virtual tourism: the impact of implicit and explicit attitudes

  2023cites this paper
• Disentangling Gender-Based Attitudes from Sexuality-Based Attitude: The Person-Based Approach to Measuring Implicit Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbian Women

  2023cites this paper
• Neuroscientific Research Methods and Techniques in Consumer Research

  2023cites this paper
• Development of a French Paper-and-Pencil Implicit Association Test to Measure Athletes’ Implicit Doping Attitude (IAT-Dop)

  2023cites this paper
• The effects of perspective taking primes on the social tuning of explicit and implicit views toward gender and race

  2023cites this paper
• Increasing awareness of climate change with immersive virtual reality

  2023cites this paper
• Creating Implicit Measure Stimulus Sets Using a Multi-Step Piloting Method

  2023cites this paper
• Understanding Residents’ Attitudes Towards Tourists Through Implicit Stereotypes

  2023cites this paper