Protective effects of Gum Arabic and vitamin C combination in glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

BACKGROUND Natural compounds exhibit nephroprotective effects by enhancing antioxidant defenses, reducing cellular damage, and improving renal filtration. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the combined protective effects of Gum Arabic and vitamin C against glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. METHODS Fifty male rats were assigned to five groups: control, glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity, gum Arabic + glycerol, gum Arabic + vitamin C + glycerol, and gum Arabic alone. Kidney and liver function markers (urea, creatinine, uric acid, liver enzymes, LDH, CK, glucose, CRP), oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO, GSH, GPx, GST, GR, TAC), hematological parameters, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (caspase-3, PCNA), and gene expression of kidney injury and inflammatory markers (KIM-1, NGAL, TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, COX-2) were assessed. RESULTS Glycerol intoxication impaired renal function, induced hepatic dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and caused hematological alterations and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment with Gum Arabic and vitamin C improved renal and liver function, reduced oxidative stress, modulated inflammatory markers, and restored hematological balance. Gene expression analysis confirmed the downregulation of inflammatory and kidney damage markers. CONCLUSION Nutraceuticals may offer a safe, cost-effective, and complementary approach to mitigating kidney damage. Gum Arabic and vitamin C demonstrated nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects, supporting their potential as a natural therapeutic strategy against nephrotoxicity.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

• Publication date

  2025-08-20

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.147014PMID 40846024
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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