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Phytochrome-interacting factors 3 (AbPIF3) synergistically regulates anthocyanin, carotenoids and chlorophyll biosynthesis in the chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus.

Xiaopeng Zhang,Shuyue Deng,Mark Owusu Adjei,Wenqiu Lin,Yehua He,Aiping Luan,Jun Ma

Published 2025 in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

ABSTRACT

Ananas comosus var. bracteatus, known for its ornamental chimeric leaves, exhibits a colorful pattern due to a combination of central photosynthetic tissue (CP) and marginal albino tissue (MA). The leaves turn red during spring and autumn, driven by changes in pigments biosynthesis. This study explored the role of AbPIF3, a key regulator, in controlling pigments biosynthesis in chimeric leaves. The albino phenotype in MA resulted from reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid content, while the red coloration was due to anthocyanin accumulation, which was significantly higher in MA than CP. The expression of AbPIF3 correlated positively with anthocyanin content and was higher in MA than CP. AbPIF3 promoted the transcription of AbCHS (involved in anthocyanin synthesis) while suppressing AbPSY (related to carotenoid synthesis). Exogenous ABA and dark treatments enhanced AbPIF3 transcription, whereas light reduced it. Over expression of AbPIF3 leaded to reduced expression levels of NbDVR and NbPSY and increased NbCHS, thereby decreasing chlorophyll and carotenoid content while increasing anthocyanin content. The study revealed how AbPIF3 regulated the balance of pigments accumulation in the CP and MA regions, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying chimeric leaf color formation and pigments biosynthesis in A. comosus var. bracteatus.

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