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Brassica juncea WRKY13 delays flowering by interacting with BjuHDA9 and the BjuSOC1 promoter.

Qinlin Deng,Junjie Feng,Yue Dong,Huanhuan Lu,Dayong Wei,Zhimin Wang,Yonghong Fan,Jinjuan Shen,Zhongrong Guan,Qinglin Tang

Published 2025 in Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

ABSTRACT

Flowering is induced by environmental and endogenous signals perceived by the plant. WRKY13, a member of the WRKY family of transcription factors (TFs), plays important roles in plant development and stress responses. However, the specific mechanisms by which WRKY13 regulates flowering time in mustard [Brassica juncea (B. juncea)] remain unclear. In this study, we characterized BjuWRKY13, a mustard homolog of WRKY13, which exhibits high expression levels in flowers. Ectopic overexpression of BjuWRKY13 in Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) revealed that BjuWRKY13 delayed flowering. Interestingly, further investigations uncovered a physical interaction between BjuWRKY13 and another flowering regulator, BjuHDA9. The overexpression of BjuHDA9 also repressed flowering in transgenic lines. Conversely, when BjuHDA9 was knocked down in BjuHDA9-RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic mustard lines, the flowering time was significantly earlier than that in the controls. RNA-sequencing data from the BjuHDA9-RNAi lines revealed differential transcript abundances for numerous flowering-related genes that were co-expressed with BjuHDA9, including SOC1, CDF1, and WRKY13. Furthermore, BjuWRKY13 demonstrated direct binding to the promoter of the flowering signal integrator BjuSOC1, thereby inhibiting its expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate that BjuWRKY13 participates in the control of flowering through physical interaction with BjuHDA9 and direct targeting of BjuSOC1. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BjuWRKY13-mediated flowering in B. juncea.

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