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The redox rhythm gates immune-induced cell death distinctly from the genetic clock

Sargis Karapetyan,Musoki Mwimba,Tianyuan Chen,Zhujun Yao,Xinnian Dong

Published 2025 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

ABSTRACT

Significance The redox rhythm is a conserved nontranscriptional circadian oscillation first discovered in anucleate red blood cells. However, the lack of a distinct physiological response regulated by the redox rhythm impeded the understanding of its biological function. By using an Arabidopsis long-period genetic clock mutant, we distinguished the redox rhythm and the genetic clock based on their difference in period length and identified immune-induced programmed cell death (PCD) as a physiological output of the redox rhythm. By using genetic and chemical perturbations, we further demonstrated the biological role of the redox rhythm in controlling incidental energy-intensive physiological responses, such as PCD, distinctly from the genetic clock.

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