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Preclinical evaluation of tridecaptin M: in vitro and in vivo efficacy against colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and pharmacokinetics

Vrushali Raka,Manoj Jangra,Parminder Kaur,R. Dadwal,Shubhangi Kansal,Archana Angrup,Pallab Ray,Hemraj Nandanwar

Published 2025 in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly among gram-negative pathogens, necessitates the development of novel therapeutic agents. Tridecaptins, a class of non-ribosomally synthesized lipopeptides with a novel mode of action, have garnered renewed interest in the fight against AMR. Our group previously identified tridecaptin M, a compound with a promising safety profile, prompting further investigation into its efficacy and preclinical characteristics. Here, we show that tridecaptin M exhibits potent activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli without cross-resistance to colistin. It effectively inhibits biofilm formation and disrupts 50% of established biofilm at 10 µg/mL. Tridecaptin M demonstrates a favorable safety profile, as it does not inhibit the cardiac hERG channel and shows minimal interaction with cytochrome P450 enzymes, with no IC₅₀ detected up to 44.6 µg/mL. In vivo toxicity studies via subcutaneous administration confirm its safety up to 600 mg/kg, whereas intravenous administration reveals acute toxicity at ≥30  mg/kg, with biochemical evidence of skeletal muscle, cardiac, and hepatic involvement. In mouse infection models using a colistin-resistant MDR strain of K. pneumoniae reveal the in vivo potential of tridecaptin M and a dose-dependent efficacy at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg doses, showing a non-linear relationship. Tridecaptin M is metabolized by liver microsomes, with low clearance, and pharmacokinetic analysis in rats indicates favorable attributes, with a terminal half-life (T₁/₂) of 3.65 h intravenously and 8.81 h subcutaneously. Collectively, these data support the continued preclinical development of tridecaptin M as a promising candidate for treating severe gram-negative infections.

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