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Biodiversity Buffers Phytoplankton Biomass Production Against Nanoparticle Pollution Through Increased Facilitation

Yiping Zuo,Qianna Xu,Michael Southard,Guangxing Zhang,Lan Gan,Hao Zhang,Pu Yan,L. Walls,Mary Steinbeck,Muhan Zhao,Yongsheng Chen,LIN-FENG Jiang

Published 2025 in Ecology Letters

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Although biodiversity is widely recognised for its role in maintaining ecosystem functioning under environmental change, its importance has received relatively little attention in the context of emerging environmental stressors such as nanoparticles. By assembling phytoplankton communities across a gradient of species richness and exposing them to varying concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles, we experimentally explored how biodiversity modulates ecosystem functioning under nanoparticle exposure. We found that the positive effect of biodiversity on phytoplankton biomass production was amplified at higher nanoparticle concentrations, allowing diverse communities to maintain biomass despite strong inhibitory effects of nanoparticles on monocultures. This enhanced biodiversity effect was primarily driven by increased complementarity, specifically through more frequent facilitative interactions among species under nanoparticle stress. Our findings advance the understanding of how biodiversity preserves ecosystem functioning and underscore its role in mitigating the impacts of emerging anthropogenic stressors.

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