Caracterización fenotípica y propiedades ecológicas de bacterias termorresistentes aisladas de desechos mineros

Los relaves mineros contienen desechos con una composición química susceptible a la oxidación. La oxidación de estos desechos genera condiciones que alcanzan el umbral de extremosidad ambiental. Estas condiciones extremas limitan el desarrollo de la vida. Sin embargo, las bacterias se han adaptado a las condiciones de ambientes extremos. El objetivo de este estudio fue aislar bacterias termorresistentes de desechos mineros para describir características fenotípicas y propiedades ecológicas que vislumbren su adaptación a las condiciones extremas de estos contaminantes. El sustrato asociado a la rizosfera tuvo la mayor abundancia y el lixiviado fue la muestra con mayor diversidad de bacterias termorresistentes. Se describió una dominancia de bacilos grampositivos, principalmente en el lixiviado. Todos los aislados presentaron protección ante el estrés oxidativo y la mayoría no utiliza el oxígeno como aceptor de electrones en la respiración. Las bacterias termorresistentes mostraron evidencias de un crecimiento acidófilo. A pesar de haber sido seleccionadas por choque térmico, solo el 34 % produce biofilm. El 69 % de los aislados creció en un medio con fósforo inorgánico, pero no mostró evidencias de solubilización. Estos aislados tuvieron cambios fenotípicos considerables en la morfología de sus colonias. La correlación entre las características fenotípicas y las propiedades ecológicas de las bacterias termorresistentes reveló similitudes adaptativas que comparten entre grupos de aislados. Estas correlaciones deben ser confirmadas desde una perspectiva filogenética. Este estudio contribuye a la descripción de la adaptabilidad a sitios extremófilos de origen antrópico con la intención de identificar bacterias para uso potencial en la biorremediación de sitios mineros.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental

• Publication date

  2025-11-05

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.20937/rica.55390
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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