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Rotation of Corydalis yanhusuo with different crops enhances its quality and soil nutrients: a multi-dimensional analysis of rhizosphere microecology

Jia Liu,Qiang Yuan,Kejie Zhang,Xiaoxiao Sheng,Zixuan Zhu,Ning Sui,Hui Wang

Published 2025 in BMC Plant Biology

ABSTRACT

The medicinal value of the herb Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang has driven its cultivation expansion. However, long-term monoculture of C. yanhusuo causes severe soil degradation and increases the risk of soil-borne diseases. Crop rotation improves soil sustainability and reduces pathogen pressure. Further research is necessary to establish successful crop rotation systems for C. yanhusuo and to comprehend their effects on soil microbial populations and physicochemical qualities. In this study, we established three crop cultivation systems, including CR (C. yanhusuo–rice rotation), CS (C. yanhusuo–soybean rotation), and CN (continuous cropping of C. yanhusuo), to examine sustainable models suitable for C. yanhusuo cultivation and their regulatory effects on the soil. To assess alterations in the physicochemical characteristics of the soil, we employed chemical analysis. The microbial makeup and roles of bacterial and fungal communities were compared using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. We investigated the effects of these rotations on soil ecosystem functions through the use of structural equation modeling. The results showed that CR and CS increased C. yanhusuo tuber yield and tetrahydropalmatine and protopine contents compared to CN. The concentrations of soil organic matter, total/hydrolysable nitrogen, total/available phosphorus, and soil enzyme activity were significantly higher in CR and CS compared to CN. Firmicutes grew in rhizosphere soil in CS, while Actinobacteria abundance increased in CR. The abundance of Bacillus, Sphingomonas, Rhodanobacter, and Trichoderma increased. Meanwhile, that of Flavobacterium, Fusarium, and Plectosphaerella decreased in CR and CS. CR and CS had increased bacterial and fungal community network linkages and modularity. Structural equation modelling revealed that crop rotation affects soil nutrients through microbial community dynamics. These soil nutrients, in turn, influence the yield and quality of C. yanhusuo. In this study, we have deepened our understanding of the effects of rice and soybeans on the microbial community and physicochemical properties of C. yanhusuo cultivation soil. The findings can inform the development of ecological restoration. methods for the sustained production of C. yanhusuo, increasing green agricultural development.

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