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Effects of Microbial Fertilizer on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Fungal Community Diversity in Saline–Alkali Soil Cultivated with Oil Sunflowers

Shangqi Guan,Yantao Liu,Wei Duan,Kaiyong Wang,Peng Wang,Shengli Liu,Xiuping Jia,Yutong Hu

Published 2025 in Agronomy

ABSTRACT

Soil salinization poses a significant threat to agricultural sustainability. This study investigated the effects of different microbial fertilizers on the rhizosphere fungal community and physicochemical properties of saline–alkali soil cultivated with sunflower. Three microbial fertilizers were applied at three concentration gradients to two sunflower varieties with contrasting salt–alkali tolerance (salt-tolerant NX53177 and salt-sensitive NKY1502) to elucidate the mechanisms underlying microbial fertilizer-mediated amelioration of saline–alkali soils. Among all treatments, the application of Aikesa microbial fertilizer at 50 g per pot (treatments T8 and T17) demonstrated the most pronounced ameliorative effects. In the salt-tolerant variety NX53177, the 50 g/L Aikesa fertilizer treatment increased the relative abundance of the beneficial genus Mortierella by 46.2%. It decreased the potentially pathogenic genus Lophotrichus by 82.2% compared to the no-fertilizer control. Soil fungal diversity was significantly improved, with the Shannon index increasing by 9.86% and the Simpson index decreasing by 25.83%. Concurrently, critical soil properties were enhanced: soil pH decreased by 7.79%, salinity decreased by 3.13%, and the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increased by 42.13%, 49.96%, 12.34%, and 53.22%, respectively. In the salt-sensitive variety NKY1502, the 50 g/L Aikesa fertilizer treatment increased Mortierella abundance by 15.96% and decreased Lophotrichus by 73.6% compared to the no-fertilizer control. The ACE and Shannon diversity indices increased by 10.00% and 9.92%, respectively, while the Simpson index decreased by 12.17%. Soil health was also markedly improved, with pH decreasing by 7.47%, salinity by 2.95%, and substantial increases in organic matter (57.94%), available nitrogen (75.78%), available phosphorus (13.20%), and available potassium (52.97%). In conclusion, the 50 g/L Aikesa fertilizer treatment effectively improved the rhizosphere fungal community structure and significantly enhanced soil physicochemical properties under saline–alkali stress. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for utilizing microbial fertilizers in ecological restoration and sustainable agricultural development of saline–alkali lands.

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