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The Role of Digital Twin Technology in Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Buildings: A Systematic Literature Review

Suqi Wang,Congxiang Tian,Chao Zhou,Yihan Wu,D. Ametefe,Dah John,Marvellous Agbeko Ametefe

Published 2026 in Energy Science & Engineering

ABSTRACT

The integration of Digital Twin (DT) technology into building energy management systems has garnered significant attention for its potential to enhance energy efficiency. This study conducts a systematic literature review to critically evaluate the role of DTs in optimizing energy use, reducing operational costs, and improving the sustainability of building environments. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing research, this review highlights how DTs facilitate continuous monitoring, predictive maintenance, and operational optimization, thereby contributing to more energy‐efficient building operations. The findings reveal that while DTs offer substantial benefits, challenges such as data integration, high initial costs, and the need for specialized expertise hinder widespread adoption. To address these barriers, this study proposes a framework for the successful implementation of DT technology in building energy management, emphasizing the importance of standardized protocols, cross‐disciplinary collaboration, and incremental scaling. This study provides valuable insights for both practitioners and researchers, offering a strategic roadmap to leverage DT technology for achieving energy sustainability and operational excellence in the built environment.

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