Oral microbiota–driven immune modulation along the oral–gut axis: from local signals to systemic inflammation

The oral–gut axis is a key pathway through which oral microbiota modulate systemic immunity. Oral bacteria and their derivatives, including microbial-associated molecular patterns and extracellular vesicles, can translocate to the gut, evade mucosal defenses, interact with local immune cells, and disrupt epithelial integrity. This review highlights mechanisms of gut colonization, immune modulation via pattern recognition receptors, and contributions to distal organ inflammation, providing a framework for understanding microbiota-driven systemic diseases.

• Publication year

  2026

• Venue

  npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

• Publication date

  2026-01-10

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1038/s41522-026-00912-0PMID 41519908PMCID 12901283
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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