Accelerating Opportunity: The Effects of Instructionally Supported Detracking

Thomas S. Dee,E. Huffaker

Published 2026 in The American Educational Research Journal

ABSTRACT

The pivotal role of algebra in the educational trajectories of U.S. students continues to motivate high-profile policies focused on when students access the course, their peers, and how it is taught. This random-assignment partnership study examined an innovative district-level reform—the Algebra I Initiative—that placed ninth grade students with prior math scores below grade level into Algebra I classes coupled with teacher training instead of a remedial pre-algebra class. We found that this reform significantly increased grade 11 math achievement (extreme spread = 0.2 SD) without lowering the achievement of classroom peers. This initiative also increased attendance and district retention. These results suggest that higher expectations for the lowest-performing students coupled with aligned teacher supports is a promising model for realizing students’ mathematical potential.

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