Antiviral Treatments

Most viral respiratory tract infections are caused by classic respiratory viruses, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, and adenovirus, whereas other viruses, such as herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, and measles virus, can opportunistically affect the respiratory tract. The M2 inhibitors, amantadine and rimantadine, were historically effective for the prevention and treatment of influenza A but all circulating strains are currently resistant to these drugs. Neuraminidase inhibitors are the sole approved class of antivirals to treat influenza. Ribavirin, especially when combined with intravenous antibody, reduces morbidity and mortality among immunosuppressed patients.

• Publication year

  2016

• Venue

  Clinics in Chest Medicine

• Publication date

  2016-12-13

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.ccm.2016.11.008PMID 28159156PMCID 7131036
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Meeting report: 4th ISIRV antiviral group conference: Novel antiviral therapies for influenza and other respiratory viruses

  2016cited by this paper
• Current Clinical Topics In Infectious Diseases

  2016cited by this paper
• International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium Partners^

  2016cited by this paper
• ALN-RSV01 for prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after respiratory syncytial virus infection in lung transplant recipients.

  2016cited by this paper
• DAS181 for Treatment of Parainfluenza Virus Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients at a Single Center.

  2016cited by this paper
• Faculty Opinions recommendation of Activity of Oral ALS-008176 in a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Challenge Study.

  2016cited by this paper
• GS-5806 Inhibits Pre- to Postfusion Conformational Changes of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein

  2015cited by this paper
• Discovery of an oral respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion inhibitor (GS-5806) and clinical proof of concept in a human RSV challenge study.

  2015cited by this paper
• Brincidofovir (CMX001) Inhibits BK Polyomavirus Replication in Primary Human Urothelial Cells

  2015cited by this paper
• Activity of Oral ALS-008176 in a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Challenge Study.

  2015cited by this paper
• Overview of the 3rd isirv-Antiviral Group Conference – advances in clinical management

  2014cited by this paper
• Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in patients admitted to hospital with influenza A H1N1pdm09 virus infection: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.

  2014cited by this paper
• The Posology of Oseltamivir in Infants With Influenza Infection Using a Population Pharmacokinetic Approach

  2014cited by this paper
• Co-administration of the broad-spectrum antiviral, brincidofovir (CMX001), with smallpox vaccine does not compromise vaccine protection in mice challenged with ectromelia virus

  2014cited by this paper
• Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly.

  2014cited by this paper
• Successful Treatment of Parainfluenza Virus Respiratory Tract Infection With DAS181 in 4 Immunocompromised Children

  2014cited by this paper
• Nitazoxanide: A first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent

  2014cited by this paper
• Adjuvant Treatment With a Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor, Sirolimus, and Steroids Improves Outcomes in Patients With Severe H1N1 Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Failure*

  2014cited by this paper
• Antiviral combinations for severe influenza

  2014cited by this paper
• Oral ribavirin therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infections in moderately to severely immunocompromised patients

  2014cited by this paper
• Screening of an FDA-Approved Compound Library Identifies Four Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture

  2014cited by this paper
• Intravenous Peramivir for Treatment of Influenza in Hospitalized Patients

  2014cited by this paper
• Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Recipients

  2014cited by this paper
• Evaluation of intravenous peramivir for treatment of influenza in hospitalized patients.

  2014cited by this paper
• DAS181 treatment of hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients with parainfluenza virus lung disease requiring mechanical ventilation

  2014cited by this paper
• Effect of nitazoxanide in adults and adolescents with acute uncomplicated influenza: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

  2014cited by this paper
• Oral GS-5806 activity in a respiratory syncytial virus challenge study.

  2014cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics of Zanamivir following Intravenous Administration to Subjects with and without Renal Impairment

  2013cited by this paper
• Influenza treatment and prophylaxis with neuraminidase inhibitors: a review

  2013cited by this paper
• Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of oseltamivir in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, 1999-2012

  2013cited by this paper
• A prospective intervention study on higher-dose oseltamivir treatment in adults hospitalized with influenza a and B infections.

  2013cited by this paper
• A Clinical Trial of Intravenous Peramivir Compared with Oral Oseltamivir for the Treatment of Seasonal Influenza in Hospitalized Adults

  2013cited by this paper
• Newer influenza antivirals, biotherapeutics and combinations

  2013influential reference
• Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

  2013cited by this paper
• A randomized double-blind controlled study of laninamivir compared with oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza in patients with chronic respiratory diseases

  2013cited by this paper
• Laninamivir octanoate for post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza in household contacts: a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial

  2013cited by this paper
• Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Zanamivir Treatment in Hospitalized Adults With Influenza: An Open-label, Multicenter, Single-Arm, Phase II Study

  2013influential reference
• Combination Therapy with Amantadine, Oseltamivir and Ribavirin for Influenza a Infection: Safety and Pharmacokinetics

  2013cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetic Properties ofAnti‐Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors

  2013cited by this paper
• Effect of double dose oseltamivir on clinical and virological outcomes in children and adults admitted to hospital with severe influenza: double blind randomised controlled trial

  2013cited by this paper
• Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of zanamivir and laninamivir octanoate for children with influenza A(H3N2) and B in the 2011–2012 season

  2013cited by this paper
• Clinical experience with intravenous zanamivir under an emergency investigational new drug program in the United States.

  2013cited by this paper
• A multicenter evaluation of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

  2013cited by this paper
• Oseltamivir pharmacokinetics, dosing, and resistance among children aged <2 years with influenza.

  2012cited by this paper
• Antivirals for Treatment of Influenza

  2012influential reference
• Editorial commentary. "Late" treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors for severely ill patients with influenza: better late than never?

  2012cited by this paper
• A phase II study of DAS181, a novel host directed antiviral for the treatment of influenza infection.

  2012cited by this paper
• DAS181 treatment of severe parainfluenza type 3 pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient

  2012cited by this paper
• Effect of a Single Inhalation of Laninamivir Octanoate in Children With Influenza

  2012cited by this paper
• Absence of Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Intravenous Peramivir and Oral Oseltamivir or Rimantadine in Humans

  2012cited by this paper
• Clinical potential of DAS181 for treatment of parainfluenza‐3 infections in transplant recipients

  2012cited by this paper
• Oseltamivir

  2012cited by this paper
• Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly.

  2012cited by this paper
• Treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors for critically ill patients with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09.

  2012cited by this paper
• Post-Marketing Assessment of Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events in Influenza Patients Treated with Oseltamivir: An Updated Review

  2012cited by this paper
• Diagnosis, management and outcomes of adults hospitalized with influenza.

  2012cited by this paper
• An adaptive randomized trial of an intermittent dosing schedule of aerosolized ribavirin in patients with cancer and respiratory syncytial virus infection.

  2012cited by this paper
• Efficacy and Safety of Oral Oseltamivir for Influenza Prophylaxis in Transplant Recipients

  2012cited by this paper
• Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing Single-Dose Intravenous Peramivir with Oral Oseltamivir in Patients with Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection

  2011cited by this paper
• RNA interference therapy in lung transplant patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus.

  2011cited by this paper
• Oseltamivir, an Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitor Drug, Does Not Affect the Steady-State Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Cyclosporine, Mycophenolate, or Tacrolimus in Adult Renal Transplant Patients

  2011cited by this paper
• An Open-Label Crossover Study To Evaluate Potential Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Oral Oseltamivir and Intravenous Zanamivir in Healthy Thai Adults

  2011cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in breast milk and maternal plasma.

  2011cited by this paper
• Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir according to trimester of pregnancy.

  2011cited by this paper
• Convalescent Plasma Treatment Reduced Mortality in Patients With Severe Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection

  2011cited by this paper
• Management of RSV infections in adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

  2011cited by this paper
• Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza --- recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

  2011influential reference
• Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir among pregnant and nonpregnant women.

  2011cited by this paper
• Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Peramivir in Children with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus Infection

  2011cited by this paper
• Virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: Epidemiology, management and outcome

  2011cited by this paper
• Intravenous Peramivir for Treatment of Influenza A and B Virus Infection in High-Risk Patients

  2011cited by this paper
• Drugs in Development for Influenza

  2010cited by this paper
• Triple Combination of Amantadine, Ribavirin, and Oseltamivir Is Highly Active and Synergistic against Drug Resistant Influenza Virus Strains In Vitro

  2010cited by this paper
• Long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir octanoate versus oseltamivir for treatment of influenza: A double-blind, randomized, noninferiority clinical trial.

  2010cited by this paper
• A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of an RNAi-based therapy directed against respiratory syncytial virus

  2010cited by this paper
• Peramivir clearance in continuous renal replacement therapy

  2010cited by this paper
• The Role of Clinical Pharmacology in Supporting the Emergency Use Authorization of an Unapproved Anti‐Influenza Drug, Peramivir

  2010cited by this paper
• Laninamivir and its Prodrug, CS-8958: Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Influenza

  2010cited by this paper
• Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor Laninamivir Octanoate (CS-8958) versus Oseltamivir as Treatment for Children with Influenza Virus Infection

  2010cited by this paper
• Outcomes from pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection in recipients of solid-organ transplants: a multicentre cohort study.

  2010cited by this paper
• Oseltamivir dosing for influenza infection in premature neonates.

  2010cited by this paper
• Efficacy of Oseltamivir-Zanamivir Combination Compared to Each Monotherapy for Seasonal Influenza: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

  2010cited by this paper
• Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Peramivir for Treatment of Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection

  2010cited by this paper
• CMV in critically ill patients: pathogen or bystander?

  2009cited by this paper
• Novel Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses Are Potently Inhibited by DAS181, a Sialidase Fusion Protein

  2009cited by this paper
• Thiazolides, a New Class of Anti-influenza Molecules Targeting Viral Hemagglutinin at the Post-translational Level*

  2009cited by this paper
• Effects of Oseltamivir on Influenza-Related Complications in Children With Chronic Medical Conditions

  2009cited by this paper
• Inhibition of Neuraminidase Inhibitor-Resistant Influenza Virus by DAS181, a Novel Sialidase Fusion Protein

  2009cited by this paper
• Emergence of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 virus during prophylaxis.

  2009cited by this paper
• Adenovirus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

  2009cited by this paper
• Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in children and the elderly.

  2008cited by this paper
• DAS181, a novel sialidase fusion protein, protects mice from lethal avian influenza H5N1 virus infection.

  2007cited by this paper
• Nitazoxanide in the treatment of viral gastroenteritis: a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial

  2006cited by this paper
• Sialidase Fusion Protein as a Novel Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Influenza Virus Infection

  2006cited by this paper
• Adenovirus infections in transplant recipients.

  2006cited by this paper
• Effect of nitazoxanide for treatment of severe rotavirus diarrhoea: randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

  2006cited by this paper
• Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza.

  2005cited by this paper
• Respiratory Viral Infections in Transplant Recipients

  2005cited by this paper
• Intravenous ribavirin is a safe and cost-effective treatment for respiratory syncytial virus infection after lung transplantation.

  2005cited by this paper
• Impact of oseltamivir treatment on influenza-related lower respiratory tract complications and hospitalizations.

  2003cited by this paper

• Enveloped Virus Entry as a Pharmacological Target: Viral Membrane Fusion Machineries and Their Inhibitors

  2025cites this paper
• Interplay between respiratory viruses and cilia in the airways

  2025cites this paper
• Evaluating Probenecid or Oseltamivir Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Replication Through Plaque Assay or Fluorescent Focus Assay Using Non-Structural Protein 1–H1N1 Venus Reporter Virus

  2025cites this paper
• Recent outbreaks of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapeutic insights

  2025cites this paper
• Metapneumovirus humano: origen, patogenia y desafíos en el control de un patógeno respiratorio emergente

  2025cites this paper
• Discovery of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as potent anti-influenza agents: SPR affinity-based screening and structure-activity relationship study.

  2025cites this paper
• Impact of Nonthermal Plasma on Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Mechanisms of Viral Inactivation and Replication Inhibition

  2025cites this paper
• Influenza a Virus Inhibition: Evaluating Computationally Identified Cyproheptadine Through In Vitro Assessment

  2025cites this paper
• Treating influenza with neuraminidase inhibitors: an update of the literature

  2024cites this paper
• Exploring the Antiviral Potential of Natural Compounds against Influenza: A Combined Computational and Experimental Approach

  2024cites this paper
• Antiviral agents and therapeutics against respiratory viruses

  2024cites this paper
• Transitioning from Crisis to Control: Reviewing Antiviral Agents Targeting Pandemic Viruses

  2024cites this paper
• Antiviral Resistance in Influenza Virus: Mechanism of Action

  2023cites this paper
• Inhibition of HAdV-14 induced apoptosis by selenocystine through ROS-mediated PARP and p53 signaling pathways.

  2023cites this paper
• Analysis of the Antimicrobial Drugs Market in Russia

  2023cites this paper
• Detection of multidrug-resistant pathogens as a risk for patients in healthcare settings

  2023cites this paper
• Identification of catalytically active domain epitopes in neuraminidase protein of H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus

  2023cites this paper
• Pediatric adenovirus pneumonia: clinical practice and current treatment

  2023cites this paper
• p38 activation and viral infection

  2022cites this paper
• Macrophage cell membrane-based nanoparticles: a new promising biomimetic platform for targeted delivery and treatment

  2022cites this paper
• Antiviral Drugs in Adenovirus-Induced Keratoconjunctivitis

  2022cites this paper
• Innate and adaptive immune responses against Influenza A Virus: Immune evasion and vaccination strategies.

  2022cites this paper
• Inhibition of H1N1 Influenza Virus-induced Apoptosis by Ebselen Through ROS-mediated ATM/ATR Signaling Pathways

  2022influential citation
• Anti-Influenza Activity of Medicinal Material Extracts from Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

  2022cites this paper
• An Integrated Analysis Reveals Geniposide Extracted From Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis Regulates Calcium Signaling Pathway Essential for Influenza A Virus Replication

  2021cites this paper
• Compelling Evidence for the Activity of Antiviral Peptides against SARS-CoV-2

  2021cites this paper
• 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines: Efficient one-step synthesis and functionalization as influenza polymerase PA-PB1 interaction disruptors.

  2021cites this paper
• Antiviral Drugs Against Influenza Virus

  2021cites this paper
• Searching for effective antiviral small molecules against influenza A virus: A patent review

  2020cites this paper
• Influenza management with new therapies.

  2020cites this paper
• Nanomaterials Designed for Antiviral Drug Delivery Transport across Biological Barriers

  2020cites this paper
• Antivirals Targeting the Neuraminidase.

  2020cites this paper
• Specific Influenza Therapy: Current State and Prospects (Review)

  2020cites this paper
• Prospects for Specific Influenza Treatment

  2020cites this paper
• Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-nitro-1,2,4-triazoloazines containing polyphenol fragments possessing antioxidant and antiviral activity.

  2020cites this paper
• High throughput virtual screening reveals SARS-CoV-2 multi-target binding natural compounds to lead instant therapy for COVID-19 treatment

  2020cites this paper
• Recent Developments in Infectious Disease Chemotherapy: Review for Emergency Department Practitioners 2020

  2020cites this paper
• COVID-19: therapeutic approaches description and discussion.

  2020cites this paper
• Recombinant subtype A and B human respiratory syncytial virus clinical isolates co-infect the respiratory tract of cotton rats.

  2020cites this paper
• Critical Care Considerations in Adult Patients With Influenza-Induced ARDS.

  2020cites this paper
• Synthesis and characterization of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide-based compounds targeting the PA-PB1 interface of influenza A virus polymerase

  2020cites this paper
• Respiratory Viral Pathogens in Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

  2020cites this paper
• Overview report of studies on Shufeng Jiedu against viral respiratory tract infections and COPD

  2020cites this paper
• Respiratory Virus Infection: Recent Advances

  2020influential citation
• Running title : COVID-19 : therapeutic approaches

  2020cites this paper
• Influenza Virus Infections and Cellular Kinases

  2019cites this paper
• In vitro Anti-influenza Activity of in silico Repurposed Candidate Drug Cycrimine

  2019cites this paper
• Antiviral potential of human IFN-α subtypes against influenza A H3N2 infection in human lung explants reveals subtype-specific activities

  2019cites this paper
• Diabetes and Infection

  2019cites this paper
• Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Virus Infection

  2019cites this paper
• Overview of Current Therapeutics and Novel Candidates Against Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections

  2019cites this paper
• Infectious Diseases in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

  2019influential citation
• Single-stage synthesis of heterocyclic alkaloid-like compounds from (+)-camphoric acid and their antiviral activity

  2019cites this paper
• Drugs for Influenza Treatment: Is There Significant News?

  2019cites this paper
• Virtual Screen for Repurposing of Drugs for Candidate Influenza a M2 Ion-Channel Inhibitors

  2019cites this paper
• Use of influenza antivirals in patients hospitalized in Hong Kong, 2000-2015

  2018cites this paper
• Inhibition of influenza A virus by mixed siRNAs, targeting the PA, NP, and NS genes, delivered by hybrid microcarriers

  2018cites this paper
• Global update on the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and status of novel antivirals, 2016–2017

  2018cites this paper
• Neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility profile of human influenza viruses during the 2016-2017 influenza season in Mainland China.

  2018cites this paper
• Neonatal Immunity, Respiratory Virus Infections, and the Development of Asthma

  2018cites this paper
• Activity of enisamium, an isonicotinic acid derivative, against influenza viruses in differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells

  2018cites this paper
• Delayed oseltamivir plus sirolimus treatment attenuates H1N1 virus-induced severe lung injury correlated with repressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory cell infiltration

  2018cites this paper
• Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating severe influenza: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

  2018cites this paper
• Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Anti-influenza Agent Baloxavir Marboxil in Healthy Adults: Phase I Study Findings

  2018cites this paper
• Treating Influenza Infection, From Now and Into the Future

  2018influential citation
• Limiting Respiratory Viral Infection by Targeting Antiviral and Immunological Functions of BST‐2/Tetherin: Knowledge and Gaps

  2018cites this paper
• Contexto actual de la enfermedad causada por VRSh y desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos

  2017cites this paper
• Global update on the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors, 2015–2016

  2017cites this paper
• Yeast for virus research

  2017cites this paper
• Impact of Respiratory Virus Infections in Exacerbation of Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

  2017cites this paper