A Developmental Perspective on the Intestinal Microbiota in Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder arising from the convergence of genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, environmental exposures, and perturbations of the gut microbiome. This review advances a developmental and compartment-aware framework for interpreting dysbiosis in CD, integrating spatial heterogeneity, transmural pathology, and mesenteric interactions. By synthesizing evidence on microbial composition, functional metabolism, and host-immune crosstalk, we describe a dysbiotic profile shaped by disease location, inflammatory activity, and therapeutic exposure, while also considering the emerging roles of non-bacterial members. We propose that microbiome alterations in CD reflect inflammation-driven ecosystem instability rather than a static taxonomic imbalance. Moving beyond descriptive compositional profiling toward a dynamic ecological model that incorporates disease trajectory and anatomical compartmentalization is essential to refine disease stratification and guide future microbiome-informed precision therapies.

• Publication year

  2026

• Venue

  International Journal of Molecular Sciences

• Publication date

  2026-02-25

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/ijms27052144PMCID PMC12984778
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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