PP2A activates brassinosteroid-responsive gene expression and plant growth by dephosphorylating BZR1

When brassinosteroid levels are low, the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 phosphorylates and inactivates the BZR1 transcription factor to inhibit growth in plants. Brassinosteroid promotes growth by inducing dephosphorylation of BZR1, but the phosphatase that dephosphorylates BZR1 has remained unknown. Here, using tandem affinity purification, we identified protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a BZR1-interacting protein. Genetic analyses demonstrated a positive role for PP2A in brassinosteroid signalling and BZR1 dephosphorylation. Members of the B’ regulatory subunits of PP2A directly interact with BZR1’s putative PEST domain containing the site of the bzr1-1D mutation. Interaction with and dephosphorylation by PP2A are enhanced by the bzr1-1D mutation, reduced by two intragenic bzr1-1D suppressor mutations, and abolished by deletion of the PEST domain. This study reveals a crucial function for PP2A in dephosphorylating and activating BZR1 and completes the set of core components of the brassinosteroid-signalling cascade from cell surface receptor kinase to gene regulation in the nucleus.

• Publication year

  2010

• Venue

  Nature Cell Biology

• Publication date

  2010-11-29

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1038/ncb2151PMID 21258370PMCID 3077550
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Proteomics shed light on the brassinosteroid signaling mechanisms.

  2010cited by this paper
• Brassinosteroid signal transduction from receptor kinases to transcription factors.

  2010cited by this paper
• Integration of brassinosteroid signal transduction with the transcription network for plant growth regulation in Arabidopsis.

  2010cited by this paper
• Predominant actions of cytosolic BSU1 and nuclear BIN2 regulate subcellular localization of BES1 in brassinosteroid signaling

  2010cited by this paper
• Protein Phosphatase 2A Reactivates FOXO3a through a Dynamic Interplay with 14-3-3 and AKT

  2010cited by this paper
• The Arabidopsis rcn1-1 Mutation Impairs Dephosphorylation of Phot2, Resulting in Enhanced Blue Light Responses[C][W]

  2010cited by this paper
• Brassinosteroid signal transduction from cell-surface receptor kinases to nuclear transcription factors

  2009cited by this paper
• Chemical inhibition of a subset of Arabidopsis thaliana GSK3-like kinases activates brassinosteroid signaling.

  2009cited by this paper
• PR55α, a Regulatory Subunit of PP2A, Specifically Regulates PP2A-mediated β-Catenin Dephosphorylation

  2009cited by this paper
• Wnt/beta-catenin signaling: components, mechanisms, and diseases.

  2009cited by this paper
• Sequential transphosphorylation of the BRI1/BAK1 receptor kinase complex impacts early events in brassinosteroid signaling.

  2008cited by this paper
• The Activation Of ATM Depends On Chromatin Interactions Occurring Prior To DNA-Damage Induction

  2008cited by this paper
• PP2A holoenzyme assembly: in cauda venenum (the sting is in the tail).

  2008cited by this paper
• Proteomics Studies of Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction Using Prefractionation and Two-dimensional DIGE*

  2008cited by this paper
• BSKs Mediate Signal Transduction from the Receptor Kinase BRI1 in Arabidopsis

  2008cited by this paper
• APC is essential for targeting phosphorylated beta-catenin to the SCFbeta-TrCP ubiquitin ligase.

  2008cited by this paper
• Beta clamp directs localization of mismatch repair in Bacillus subtilis.

  2008cited by this paper
• Antagonistic regulation of PIN phosphorylation by PP2A and PINOID directs auxin flux.

  2007cited by this paper
• An essential role for 14-3-3 proteins in brassinosteroid signal transduction in Arabidopsis.

  2007cited by this paper
• Arabidopsis PPP family of serine/threonine phosphatases.

  2007cited by this paper
• Multiple mechanisms modulate brassinosteroid signaling.

  2007cited by this paper
• Specificity of RCN1-Mediated Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulation in Meristem Organization and Stress Response in Roots1[W][OA]

  2007cited by this paper
• Functions of OsBZR1 and 14-3-3 proteins in brassinosteroid signaling in rice

  2007cited by this paper
• Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of BZR1 Mediated by Phosphorylation Is Essential in Arabidopsis Brassinosteroid Signaling[W][OA]

  2007cited by this paper
• The 3D structure of protein phosphatase 2A: new insights into a ubiquitous regulator of cell signaling.

  2007cited by this paper
• Protein phosphatase 1 regulates assembly and function of the β‐catenin degradation complex

  2007cited by this paper
• Downstream nuclear events in brassinosteroid signalling

  2006cited by this paper
• RCN1-Regulated Phosphatase Activity and EIN2 Modulate Hypocotyl Gravitropism by a Mechanism That Does Not Require Ethylene Signaling1[W]

  2006cited by this paper
• Brassinosteroids Regulate Dissociation of BKI1, a Negative Regulator of BRI1 Signaling, from the Plasma Membrane

  2006cited by this paper
• Binding of brassinosteroids to the extracellular domain of plant receptor kinase BRI1

  2005cited by this paper
• Molecular mechanisms of steroid hormone signaling in plants.

  2005cited by this paper
• Autoregulation and homodimerization are involved in the activation of the plant steroid receptor BRI1.

  2005cited by this paper
• Nuclear protein phosphatases with Kelch-repeat domains modulate the response to brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis.

  2004cited by this paper
• Genome-Wide Insertional Mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana

  2003cited by this paper
• Nuclear-localized BZR1 mediates brassinosteroid-induced growth and feedback suppression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis.

  2002cited by this paper
• The GSK3-like kinase BIN2 phosphorylates and destabilizes BZR1, a positive regulator of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis

  2002cited by this paper
• Molecular Characterization and Evolution of the Protein Phosphatase 2A B′ Regulatory Subunit Family in Plants1

  2002cited by this paper
• Steroid signaling in plants and insects--common themes, different pathways.

  2002cited by this paper
• Brassinosteroids. Plant counterparts to animal steroid hormones?

  2002cited by this paper
• BES1 accumulates in the nucleus in response to brassinosteroids to regulate gene expression and promote stem elongation.

  2002cited by this paper
• Genetic and Chemical Reductions in Protein Phosphatase Activity Alter Auxin Transport, Gravity Response, and Lateral Root Growth

  2001cited by this paper
• BRI1 is a critical component of a plasma-membrane receptor for plant steroids

  2001cited by this paper

• BSK family kinases are essential for brassinosteroid signaling and suppression of adventitious rooting by repressing the expression of LBD16

  2026cites this paper
• Brassinosteroids and TaGSK3 Coordinate Phosphorus Uptake and Low-Phosphorus Tolerance in Wheat through Overlapping and Independent Pathways.

  2026cites this paper
• Effects of exogenous plant growth regulators on fruit quality and antioxidant content of late-maturity blackberry 'Chester'

  2026cites this paper
• New Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms of Transcription Factors and Plant Hormones Involved in the Regulation of Salt Stress Responses.

  2026cites this paper
• Manipulating brassinosteroid signaling pathway to genetically improve horticultural plants

  2025cites this paper
• UPL3 promotes BZR1 degradation, growth arrest, and seedling survival under starvation stress in Arabidopsis

  2025cites this paper
• Lead, a toxic metal, alters auxin-mediated root growth and gravitropic responses in maize and Arabidopsis

  2025cites this paper
• Brassinosteroid Signaling Dynamics: Ubiquitination-Dependent Regulation of Core Signaling Components

  2025cites this paper
• Molecular Decoding of Phytohormone Crosstalk: JA-Mediated Key Regulatory Nodes and Signal Integration

  2025cites this paper
• The RLI1-OsPUB77-OsBZR3 module mediates the crosstalk between phosphate starvation and brassinosteroid signaling pathways to shape rice shoot architecture.

  2025cites this paper
• Multifunctional Role of Brassinosteroids in Plant Growth, Development, and Defense

  2025cites this paper
• Unlocking the potential of brassinosteroids: A path to precision plant engineering.

  2025cites this paper
• Brassinosteroid signaling promotes sulfate uptake under sulfur deficiency in Arabidopsis

  2025cites this paper
• Alteration of BIN2-like1 interactions with HY5 and BZR1 may help to create ideal plant architecture in Brassica napus L.

  2025cites this paper
• Brassinosteroids promote sugar synthesis by inhibiting BIN2 phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

  2025cites this paper
• Specificity of brassinosteroid perception and its integration at signaling crossroads in vascular development

  2025cites this paper
• Dressed Up to the Nines: The Interplay of Phytohormones Signaling and Redox Metabolism During Plant Response to Drought

  2025cites this paper
• Protein Phosphatase 2A B'α and B'β promote pollen wall construction partially through BZR1-activated CEP1 in Arabidopsis.

  2025cites this paper
• Identification of PP2A B subunits potentially involved in modulating salt and osmotic stress responses in Solanum tuberosum

  2025cites this paper
• Brassinosteroid-related transcription factor BZR1 regulates vegetative development and flavonoids biosynthesis in Scutellaria baicalensis.

  2025cites this paper
• Genome-wide analysis of the BoBZR1 family genes and transcriptome analysis in Brassica oleracea

  2025cites this paper
• FERONIA kinase and PP2A antagonistically regulate salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.

  2025cites this paper
• OsMAPKKK5 affects brassinosteroid signal transduction via phosphorylating OsBSK1–1 and regulates rice plant architecture and yield

  2025cites this paper
• Proteomics revealed novel functions and drought tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana protein kinase ATG1

  2025cites this paper
• BvBZR1 improves parenchyma cell development and sucrose accumulation in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) taproot

  2025cites this paper
• Dimerization-activated PP2C-D2 and D5 phosphatases negatively regulate brassinosteroid signaling by antagonizing BRI1.

  2025cites this paper
• MdBZR6 activates MdBAM17-mediated guard cell starch degradation during ALA-induced stomatal opening in apple leaves.

  2025cites this paper
• The BES1/BZR1 transcriptional factor SlBES2 cross talks with abscisic acid to regulate fruit maturation in tomato.

  2025cites this paper
• TRX h2-PP2AC2 module serves as a convergence node for aluminum stress and leaf senescence signals, regulating cell death via ABA-mediated ROS pathway.

  2024cites this paper
• Identification of the Brassinazole-Resistant (BZR) Gene Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of TaBZR2.1

  2024cites this paper
• The Role of Brassinosteroids in Plant Cold Stress Response

  2024cites this paper
• BIL7 enhances plant growth by regulating the transcription factor BIL1/BZR1 during brassinosteroid signaling

  2024cites this paper
• The whole and its parts: cell-specific functions of brassinosteroids.

  2024cites this paper
• GhBZR15 improved the tolerance of cotton to cold and salt stress revealed by genome-wide characterization of BZR genes family

  2024cites this paper
• Brassinosteroid signaling represses ZINC FINGER PROTEIN11 to regulate ovule development in Arabidopsis.

  2024cites this paper
• Hormonal regulation and crosstalk during early endosperm and seed coat development

  2024cites this paper
• Physiological and differential protein expression analyses of the calcium stress response in the Drynaria roosii rhizome

  2024cites this paper
• Recent Advances in the Crosstalk between Brassinosteroids and Environmental Stimuli.

  2024cites this paper
• LcMPK3 and LcMPK6 positively regulate fruitlet abscission in litchi

  2024cites this paper
• Regulation of adaptive growth decisions via phosphorylation of the TRAPPII complex in Arabidopsis

  2024cites this paper
• Post-translational Regulation of BRI1-EMS Suppressor 1 and Brassinazole-resistant 1.

  2024cites this paper
• Interaction of the Transcription Factors BES1/BZR1 in Plant Growth and Stress Response

  2024cites this paper
• RACK1 links phyB and BES1 to coordinate brassinosteroid‐dependent root meristem development

  2024cites this paper
• Therapeutical potential of T3 as adjuvant therapy in male alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

  2024cites this paper
• Sex on Steroids: How Brassinosteroids Shape Reproductive Development in Flowering Plants

  2024cites this paper
• BRZ-INSENSITIVE-LONG HYPOCOTYL8 inhibits kinase-mediated phosphorylation to regulate brassinosteroid signaling.

  2024cites this paper
• The protein phosphatase qGL3/OsPPKL1 self-regulates its degradation to orchestrate brassinosteroid signaling in rice

  2024cites this paper
• Crosstalk between brassinosteroids and other phytohormones during plant development and stress adaption.

  2024cites this paper
• Walnut phosphatase 2A proteins interact with basic leucine zipper protein JrVIP1 to regulate osmotic stress response via calcium signaling

  2024cites this paper
• BZR1 and BES1 transcription factors mediate brassinosteroid control over root system architecture in response to nitrogen availability

  2024cites this paper
• miR394 modulates brassinosteroid signaling to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis.

  2024cites this paper
• Copine proteins are required for brassinosteroid signaling in maize and Arabidopsis

  2024cites this paper
• The BAS chromatin remodeler determines brassinosteroid-induced transcriptional activation and plant growth in Arabidopsis.

  2024cites this paper
• PHOSPHATASE 2A dephosphorylates PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 to modulate photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.

  2024cites this paper
• The BES1/BZR1 family transcription factor as critical regulator of plant stress resilience

  2024cites this paper
• Should I stay or should I go? Trafficking of plant extra-nuclear transcription factors.

  2024cites this paper
• Dephosphorylation of bZIP59 by PP2A ensures appropriate shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis.

  2024cites this paper
• Characterizing the role of PP2A B’’ family subunits in mechanical stress response and plant development through calcium and ABA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

  2024cites this paper
• Brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling: Conserved and diversified functions of core genes across multiple plant species

  2024cites this paper
• Interplay among Hormones, Antioxidants and Redox signaling in Abiotic Stress Responses

  2024cites this paper
• Selective recognition of PTRE1 transcripts mediated by protein–protein interaction between the m6A reader ECT2 and PTRE1

  2024cites this paper
• The cell surface is the place to be for brassinosteroid perception and responses

  2024cites this paper
• Analysis of expression patterns of brassinosteroid-responsive genes in arabidopsis root using single-cell RNA sequencing datasets

  2023cites this paper
• Vacuolar H+-ATPase and BZR1 form a feedback loop to regulate the homeostasis of BR signaling in Arabidopsis.

  2023cites this paper
• Mechanistic Insights into the Function of 14-3-3 Proteins as Negative Regulators of Brassinosteroid Signaling in Arabidopsis

  2023influential citation
• Reversible phosphorylation of WOX 5 protein controls the homeostasis of QC 1 2

  2023cites this paper
• Genome-Wide Identification Reveals That BZR1 Family Transcription Factors Involved in Hormones and Abiotic Stresses Response of Lotus (Nelumbo)

  2023cites this paper
• Distinct Clades of Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory B’/B56 Subunits Engage in Different Physiological Processes

  2023influential citation
• Protein phosphorylation: A molecular switch in plant signaling.

  2023cites this paper
• PP2A Dephosphorylates Phytochrome-Interacting Factor 3 to Modulate Photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

  2023influential citation
• UPL3 Promotes BZR1 Degradation, Growth Arrest, and Seedling Survival under Starvation Stress in Arabidopsis

  2023cites this paper
• Brassinosteroid catabolic enzyme CYP734A129 regulates the morphologies of leaves and floral organs in woodland strawberry.

  2023cites this paper
• The Protein Phosphatase PC1 Dephosphorylates and Deactivates CatC to Negatively Regulate H2O2 Homeostasis and Salt Tolerance in Rice.

  2023cites this paper
• Cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor GhKRP6, a direct target of GhBES1.4, participates in BR regulation of cell expansion in cotton.

  2023cites this paper
• Roles of Brossinosteroids Signaling in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

  2023cites this paper
• Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of BZR gene family and associated responses to abiotic stresses in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

  2023cites this paper
• Plant-specific BLISTER interacts with kinase BIN2 and BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 during skotomorphogenesis.

  2023cites this paper
• Transcriptomic analysis of Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) variants indicates brassinosteroid involvement in tuber development

  2023cites this paper
• Crosstalk between brassinosteroid signaling and variable nutrient environments

  2023cites this paper
• The receptor-like kinase EMS1 and BRI1 coordinately regulate stamen elongation via the transcription factors BES1/BZR1 in Arabidopsis.

  2023cites this paper
• Protein phosphatases and their targets: Comprehending the interactions in plant signaling pathways.

  2023cites this paper
• The BR signaling pathway regulates primary root development and drought stress response by suppressing the expression of PLT1 and PLT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana

  2023cites this paper
• Mapping the signaling network of BIN2 kinase using TurboID-mediated biotin labeling and phosphoproteomics

  2023influential citation
• Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Regulatory Mechanisms of Early Fruit Enlargement in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis).

  2023cites this paper
• “B” Regulatory Subunits of PP2A: Their Roles in Plant Development and Stress Reactions

  2023influential citation
• Brassinosteroid signaling and molecular crosstalk with nutrients in plants.

  2023cites this paper
• Auxin promotes hypocotyl elongation by enhancing BZR1 nuclear accumulation in Arabidopsis

  2023cites this paper
• Comparative analysis of BZR1/BES1 family transcription factors in Arabidopsis.

  2023cites this paper
• A Comparison of the Physiological Traits and Gene Expression of Brassinosteroids Signaling under Drought Conditions in Two Chickpea Cultivars

  2023cites this paper
• ALA reverses ABA-induced stomatal closure by modulating PP2AC and SnRK2.6 activity in apple leaves

  2023cites this paper
• Genetic manipulation of protein phosphatase 2A affects multiple agronomic traits and physiological parameters in potato (Solanum tuberosum).

  2023cites this paper
• SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling determines brassinosteroid-induced transcriptional activation

  2023cites this paper
• DNA double-strand breaks enhance brassinosteroid signaling to activate quiescent center cell division in Arabidopsis.

  2023cites this paper
• Scaffold protein RACK1 regulates BR signaling by modulating the nuclear localization of BZR1.

  2023cites this paper
• Brassinosteroid signaling restricts root lignification by antagonizing SHORT-ROOT function in Arabidopsis.

  2022cites this paper
• The divergence of brassinosteroid sensitivity between rice subspecies involves natural variation conferring altered internal auto-binding of OsBSK2.

  2022cites this paper
• The protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit StPP2Ac2b is involved in the control of potato tuber sprouting and source-sink balance in tubers and sprouts.

  2022cites this paper
• Importance of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Hormone-Regulated Plant Growth and Development

  2022cites this paper
• Characterization of regulatory modules controlling leaf angle in maize.

  2022cites this paper
• BES1/BZR1 Family Transcription Factors Regulate Plant Development via Brassinosteroid-Dependent and Independent Pathways

  2022cites this paper