Relation between hypomethylation of long interspersed nucleotide elements and risk of neural tube defects.

Li Wang,Fang Wang,J. Guan,Jing Le,Lihua Wu,J. Zou,Huizhi Zhao,L. Pei,Xiaoying Zheng,Ting Zhang

Published 2010 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Impaired one-carbon metabolism is thought to be associated with the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs); however, the role of methylation in NTDs remains unclear. Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) constitutes 17-25% of the human genome. LINE-1 hypomethylation correlates with global DNA methylation levels in cancerous cells, but limited information is available on LINE-1 methylation in NTDs. OBJECTIVE We determined whether LINE-1 methylation patterns were associated with neural tube development and the possible relations between DNA methylation and key maternal metabolites involved in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. DESIGN Global methylation, maternal plasma folic acid, vitamin B-12, and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations were assessed in 48 NTD and 49 control samples by immunoassay, and LINE-1 methylation levels were evaluated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Methylation levels of genomic DNA and LINE-1 decreased significantly in the neural tissue of NTD samples. The risk of NTDs increased with decreasing levels of LINE-1 methylation, with an odds ratio of 5.246 (95% CI: 1.519, 18.124; P = 0.009) for the lowest quartile (methylation level < or = 57.94%) compared with the highest quartile (methylation level > or = 60.94%). Compared with control subjects, case subjects had lower maternal plasma concentrations of vitamin B-12. CONCLUSIONS Hypomethylation of LINE-1 and genomic DNA was associated with an increased risk of NTDs. Functional insufficiency of maternal plasma vitamin B-12 was associated with NTDs, although no significant correlation could be established between maternal folic acid, vitamin B, tHcy, and LINE-1 methylation.

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