Virtual reality compared with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomised controlled trial

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2017

• Venue

  British Journal of Psychiatry

• Publication date

  2017-04-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.184234PMID 27979818
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Inducing an Anxiety Response Using a Contaminated Virtual Environment: Validation of a Therapeutic Tool for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

  2016cited by this paper
• Exposure to virtual social interactions in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial.

  2016influential reference
• Can Virtual Reality Effectively Elicit Distress Associated with Social Anxiety Disorder?

  2015cited by this paper
• Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders

  2014cited by this paper
• Advances in Virtual Reality and Anxiety Disorders

  2014cited by this paper
• Social Anxiety Disorder: Efficacy and Virtual Humans

  2014cited by this paper
• Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach.

  2014influential reference
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

  2013cited by this paper
• The evidence-based pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder.

  2013cited by this paper
• Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

  2013influential reference
• The Course of the Working Alliance during Virtual Reality and Exposure Group Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

  2013cited by this paper
• Self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: Psychometric properties of the French version.

  2012cited by this paper
• Virtual Reality Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Public Speaking Anxiety

  2012cited by this paper
• The Development of the SWEAT Questionnaire: a Scale Measuring Costs and Efforts Inherent to Conducting Exposure Sessions

  2011influential reference
• The factor structure of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale.

  2011cited by this paper
• A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder.

  2010cited by this paper
• Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Public Speaking Anxiety

  2009cited by this paper
• Social Fears and Social Phobia in the United States : Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

  2008cited by this paper
• In vivo, in vitro, in silico, in virtuo

  2008cited by this paper
• In vivo , in vitro , in silico , in virtuo

  2008cited by this paper
• Social fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

  2007cited by this paper
• Comparing Acceptance and Refusal Rates of Virtual Reality Exposure vs. In Vivo Exposure by Patients with Specific Phobias

  2007cited by this paper
• Virtual Reality Therapy Versus Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Social Phobia: A Preliminary Controlled Study

  2005influential reference
• Failure and delay in initial treatment contact after first onset of mental disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

  2005cited by this paper
• Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

  2005cited by this paper
• The treatment of social anxiety disorder.

  2004cited by this paper
• Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment.

  2003influential reference
• Cognitive therapy versus fluoxetine in generalized social phobia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

  2003cited by this paper
• Definition of a VR-Based Protocol to Treat Social Phobia

  2003cited by this paper
• Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale.

  2002cited by this paper
• Brief Virtual Reality Therapy for Public Speaking Anxiety

  2002cited by this paper
• Virtual reality treatment versus exposure in vivo: a comparative evaluation in acrophobia.

  2002cited by this paper
• Barriers to the treatment of social anxiety.

  2000cited by this paper
• Social anxiety disorder/social phobia: epidemiology, diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment.

  2000cited by this paper
• Social anxiety disorder/social phobia: Epidemiology, diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment

  2000cited by this paper
• Behavioral assessment of social performance: a rating system for social phobia.

  1998cited by this paper
• Factor structure of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale.

  1998cited by this paper
• Virtual Reality Therapy: an Effective Treatment for the Fear of Public Speaking

  1998influential reference
• Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire

  1998cited by this paper
• Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders

  1997cited by this paper
• Exposure versus cognitive restructuring in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia.

  1996cited by this paper
• A cognitive model of social phobia

  1995cited by this paper
• Diagnostic subtype, avoidant personality disorder, and efficacy of cognitive—behavioral group therapy for social phobia

  1995cited by this paper
• Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: An enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness.

  1993cited by this paper
• [Affective disorders in the fourth edition of the classification of mental disorders prepared by the American Psychiatric Association -- diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders].

  1993cited by this paper
• Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory.

  1989cited by this paper
• Internal consistencies of the original and revised Beck Depression Inventory.

  1984cited by this paper
• Credibility of analogue therapy rationales

  1972cited by this paper
• Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety.

  1969cited by this paper

• UniVRse: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial of virtual reality cognitive-behaviour therapy for students with social anxiety

  2026cites this paper
• Speaking face-to-face with a virtual avatar to reduce anxiety in students who stutter: Tool development and pilot study results.

  2026cites this paper
• Beyond exposure: a feasibility and validity study of virtual reality-based cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder

  2026cites this paper
• Feasibility and impact of virtual reality exposure therapy on epilepsy-specific anxiety: Phase 3 of the AnxEpiVR pilot clinical trial

  2026cites this paper
• How Does Virtual Reality Exposure Treatment Change the Brain Function of Acrophobia Patients? A Randomized Controlled Trial

  2025cites this paper
• Augmented reality exposure treatments in anxiety and related disorders: A systematic review

  2025cites this paper
• Enhancing the efficacy and user experience of virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: A pilot study

  2025cites this paper
• Virtual Reality Training to Reduce Workplace Violence in Healthcare

  2025cites this paper
• Effect of virtual reality on pain and stress in children during Kirschner-wire removal after fracture treatment: a randomized clinical trial.

  2025cites this paper
• Effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy with virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial in Hong Kong.

  2025cites this paper
• Navigating the Promise and Pitfalls of Extended Reality Interventions for Mental Healthcare

  2025cites this paper
• Building confidence in the metaverse: Implementation and evaluation of a multi-user virtual reality application for overcoming fear of public speaking

  2025cites this paper
• Third-wave therapy with virtual reality exposure: Transdiagnostic proof of concept for the treatment of social anxiety.

  2025cites this paper
• Effect of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (GCBT) on Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Among Visually Impaired Students in Rural Communities in South-East, Nigeria

  2025cites this paper
• Real-Time Applications of Biophysiological Markers in Virtual-Reality Exposure Therapy: A Systematic Review

  2025cites this paper
• Effectiveness of digital interventions for eight mental disorders: A meta-analytic synthesis

  2025cites this paper
• A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on immersive virtual reality for treating anxiety disorders

  2025cites this paper
• Improvement of Game Users’ Depressive Symptoms via Behavioral Activation in a Massive Multiplayer Online Game: Randomized Controlled Trial

  2025cites this paper
• Effectiveness of Home_Positivity: A VR Program for Promoting Positive Mental Health. A Pilot Feasibility Study

  2025cites this paper
• Using VR Supermarket for Nutritional Research and Education: A Scoping Review

  2025cites this paper
• Using physiological measurement to investigate fear in virtual geographical spaces

  2025cites this paper
• Feedback from an avatar facilitates risk-taking by modulating the amygdala response to feedback uncertainty

  2025cites this paper
• Technological Innovations in the Evidence-Based Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

  2025cites this paper
• A Meta-Analysis of Virtual Reality Interventions for Reducing the Symptoms of Anxiety

  2025cites this paper
• An Empirical Analysis of the Use of Virtual Reality for Coping with Social Isolation

  2025cites this paper
• The Role of Virtual Reality in Psychiatric Treatment: A Literature Review

  2025cites this paper
• Exposure-Based Intervention in Virtual Reality to Address Kinesiophobia in Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review

  2025cites this paper
• Effectiveness of virtual reality and in vivo exposure combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for public speaking anxiety: a randomized clinical trial

  2025cites this paper
• Immersive Virtual Reality and AI (Generative Pretrained Transformer) to Enhance Student Preparedness for Objective Structured Clinical Examinations: Mixed Methods Study

  2025cites this paper
• VIRTUS: virtual reality exposure training for adolescents with social anxiety – a randomized controlled trial

  2025influential citation
• Virtual reality-based exposure with 360° video as part of cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomized controlled trial

  2025cites this paper
• Suicidal obsessions from suicidal ideation: A first-person suicide image pilot study.

  2025cites this paper
• Effects of different interventions on anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Towards a Methodological Framework for Multimodal Input in Social Interaction in Virtual Reality

  2025cites this paper
• Evaluating a virtual reality–delivered mindfulness intervention for anxiety: a mixed-methods study in real-world community and school settings

  2025influential citation
• Exploring the Influence of Crowd Size Across Different Tasks on User Performance, Experience and Social Presence in Shared Virtual Environments

  2025cites this paper
• Impact of cybersickness and presence on treatment satisfaction and clinical outcomes in virtual reality-based biofeedback for depression and anxiety.

  2025cites this paper
• Non-immersive virtual environments for the treatment of hoarding disorder: a preliminary randomized controlled trial based on a non-clinical sample

  2025cites this paper
• Examining the comparative effectiveness of virtual reality and in-vivo exposure therapy on social anxiety and specific phobia: A systematic review & meta-analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Designing OWN, The Inner World as a Virtual Space: By and For Introspection

  2025cites this paper
• From Shadow to Self: A Psychoanalytic Review of Embodiment, Presence, and Self-Transformation in Virtual Reality Therapy

  2025cites this paper
• A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the use and effectiveness of extended reality technology in the assessment, treatment and study of obsessive compulsive disorder.

  2024cites this paper
• Technology-supported social skills training systems: A systematic literature review

  2024influential citation
• Comparative Efficacy of Virtual Reality–Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Yoga-Based Interventions for Reducing Performance Anxiety in Students: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

  2024cites this paper
• Cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating different treatment formats

  2024cites this paper
• Study on the efficiency of virtual reality in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

  2024cites this paper
• Translating Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Strategies Through VR Interactions to Tackle Anxiety Symptoms in University Students

  2024cites this paper
• Disgust responses to virtual erotica: Analysis of their interaction with sexual anxiety and immersive tendencies

  2024cites this paper
• Enhancing distance learning with virtual reality: investigating learners’ engagement and outcomes

  2024cites this paper
• The efficacy of psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

  2024cites this paper
• Technological Advances in Treating Anxiety Disorders.

  2024cites this paper
• Virtual Reality exposure therapy in the treatment of public speaking anxiety and social anxiety disorder

  2024influential citation
• Disgust Responses to Virtual Erotica: Analysis of Their Interaction with Sexual Anxiety and Immersive Tendencies

  2024cites this paper
• Biomarkers in exposure-based treatment of anxiety in virtual reality: a systematic review

  2024cites this paper
• Virtual reality-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with alcohol use disorder: a randomized feasibility study

  2024cites this paper
• Real-Time Classification of Anxiety in Virtual Reality Therapy Using Biosensors and a Convolutional Neural Network

  2024cites this paper
• Einsatz von Immersion und Virtueller Realität in der Psychotherapie

  2024cites this paper
• Virtual reality socialization groups on Facebook: A new frontier for children with social anxiety disorder

  2024influential citation
• Impact of social anxiety on communication skills in face-to-face vs. online contexts

  2024cites this paper
• Stop to smell the virtual roses: a mixed-methods pilot study on the impact of multisensory virtual reality nature experiences on feelings of relaxation

  2024cites this paper
• SoulSkipper: A Voice-Controlled Emotional Adaptive Game to Complement Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

  2024cites this paper
• Extended Reality Therapies for Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of Patients’ and Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives

  2024cites this paper
• The Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality‐Based Treatment for Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis

  2024cites this paper
• Investigating the Effectiveness of a Virtual-Reality-Based Mindfulness Intervention on Internet Gaming Disorder

  2024cites this paper
• Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Reducing School Anxiety in Adolescents: Pilot Study

  2024cites this paper
• Improving virtual reality exposure therapy with open access and overexposure: a single 30-minute session of overexposure therapy reduces public speaking anxiety

  2024cites this paper
• Terapide Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının Etkililiği: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması

  2024cites this paper
• Virtual Reality–Based Exposure With 360° Environments for Social Anxiety Disorder: Usability and Feasibility Study

  2024cites this paper
• Usage of Virtual Reality in Combating Social Anxiety Disorders in Non-native English Speakers: A Survey

  2024cites this paper
• Evaluating virtual reality technology in psychotherapy: impacts on anxiety, depression, and ADHD

  2024cites this paper
• Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials

  2024influential citation
• Virtual Reality and Higher Education Sporting Events: Social Anxiety Perception as an Outcome of VR Simulation

  2024cites this paper
• The effectiveness of virtual reality training on social skills in education: A meta-analysis

  2024cites this paper
• Beyond Pharmacology: A Narrative Review of Alternative Therapies for Anxiety Disorders

  2024cites this paper
• Development of Immersive 360° Virtual Reality Videos for Intervention with Test Anxiety

  2024cites this paper
• Could an evaluative conditioning intervention ameliorate paranoid beliefs? Self-reported and neurophysiological evidence from a brief intervention focused on improving self-esteem

  2024cites this paper
• Clinicians’ perspectives of immersive tools in clinical mental health settings: a systematic scoping review

  2024cites this paper
• Application of a virtual reality-based cognitive-behavioural therapy of social phobia in the treatment of inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia and social anxiety – a feasibility study

  2024cites this paper
• Trial of a desktop virtual reality application as a method of exposure for test anxiety: a qualitative study

  2024influential citation
• Scoping review of the hardware and software features of virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobia

  2023cites this paper
• The construction, reliability, and evidence of validity of a scale to measure new technologies by Spanish psychologist

  2023cites this paper
• Virtual reality for healthcare: A scoping review of commercially available applications for head-mounted displays

  2023cites this paper
• Virtual reality interventions for the treatment of anxiety disorders: A scoping review.

  2023cites this paper
• Low-Cost Virtual Reality to Support Imaginal Exposure Within PTSD Treatment: A Case Report Study Within a Community Mental Healthcare Setting

  2023cites this paper
• Baseline Severity as a Moderator of the Waiting List-Controlled Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With Symptom Change in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis.

  2023cites this paper
• Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials for evaluating the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy for social anxiety disorder.

  2023cites this paper
• Virtual Reality Interventions for Mental Health.

  2023cites this paper
• Modification of the therapist’s facial expressions using virtual reality technology during the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a case series

  2023cites this paper
• Co-Designing a Virtual Reality Intervention for Supporting Cognitive Reappraisal Skills Development with Youth

  2023cites this paper
• Miedo a hablar en público y aceptación psicológica: un protocolo de intervención mediante realidad virtual basado en la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso

  2023cites this paper
• Virtual reality-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy for outpatients with alcohol use disorder (CRAVR): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial

  2023cites this paper
• Review of Psychophysiological and Psychotherapeutic Studies of Stress Using Virtual Reality Technologies

  2023cites this paper
• The reality of virtual reality

  2023cites this paper
• Speak in Public: an Innovative Tool for the Treatment of Stuttering through Virtual Reality, Biosensors, and Speech Emotion Recognition

  2023cites this paper
• Speaking in front of cartoon avatars: A behavioral and psychophysiological study on how audience design impacts on public speaking anxiety in virtual environments

  2023cites this paper
• Effectiveness and User Experience of Virtual Reality for Social Anxiety Disorder: Systematic Review

  2023cites this paper
• The gold-standard treatment for social anxiety disorder: A roadmap for the future

  2023cites this paper
• Describing epilepsy-related anxiety to inform the design of a virtual reality exposure therapy: Results from Phase 1 of the AnxEpiVR clinical trial

  2023cites this paper
• Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Hong Kong

  2023cites this paper
• To What Extent is Virtual Reality Therapy Efficient as A Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder?

  2023cites this paper