On the origin of gravity and the laws of Newton

Starting from first principles and general assumptions we present a heuristic argument that shows that Newton’s law of gravitation naturally arises in a theory in which space emerges through a holographic scenario. Gravity is identified with an entropic force caused by changes in the information associated with the positions of material bodies. A relativistic generalization of the presented arguments directly leads to the Einstein equations. When space is emergent even Newton’s law of inertia needs to be explained. The equivalence principle auggests that it is actually the law of inertia whose origin is entropic.

• Publication year

  2010

• Venue

  Journal of High Energy Physics

• Publication date

  2010-01-06

• Fields of study

  Physics

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1007/JHEP04(2011)029arXiv 1001.0785
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Thermodynamical aspects of gravity: new insights

  2010cited by this paper
• Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity: New insights

  2009cited by this paper
• The Anthropic Landscape of String Theory

  2003cited by this paper
• The Large-N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity

  1997cited by this paper
• Thermodynamics of spacetime: The Einstein equation of state.

  1995influential reference
• The world as a hologram

  1994cited by this paper
• Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Gravity

  1993cited by this paper
• Black hole entropy is Noether charge.

  1993cited by this paper
• General Relativity

  1984cited by this paper
• Surface Effects in Black-Hole Physics

  1982cited by this paper
• Notes on black-hole evaporation

  1976cited by this paper
• Particle creation by black holes

  1975cited by this paper
• Scalar production in Schwarzschild and Rindler metrics

  1975cited by this paper
• The four laws of black hole mechanics

  1973cited by this paper
• Niels Bohr: His Life and Work As Seen by His Friends and Colleagues

  1967cited by this paper
• University of

  year unknowncited by this paper

• Optimum entropy generation structure and partial efficiencies of finite-time carnot heat engines under performance limit conditions

  2026cites this paper
• Complementary Continuous-Discrete Time, Chronon Layering and Temporal Folding

  2026cites this paper
• Comparison of MOND and Verlinde's emergent gravity in dwarf spheroidals

  2026cites this paper
• Spherically symmetric black holes in Gravity from Entropy and spontaneous emission

  2026cites this paper
• GR from RG: Gravity Is Induced From Renormalization Group Flow In The Infrared

  2026cites this paper
• Resonant closure: consciousness as a dynamically self-stabilized informational state.

  2026cites this paper
• The Emergence of Measured Geometry in Self-Gravitating Systems

  2026cites this paper
• The Informational Birth of the Universe: A Theory of Everything from Quantum Complexity

  2026cites this paper
• Hubble Tension as an Effect of Horizon Entanglement Nonequilibrium

  2026cites this paper
• On the Possibility of Quantum Gravity Emerging from Geometry

  2026cites this paper
• A Discrete Heuristic Model of Vacuum Memory with Fractal-like Structure: Entropy, Fourier Signatures, Bohmian Guidance and Decoherence in a Two-Slit Interferometer

  2026cites this paper
• Thermostatistical analysis and negative heat capacities of Yukawa and Lee-Wick potentials in noncommutative phase spaces

  2026cites this paper
• Entropy Modifications from Stochastic Metric Fluctuations

  2026cites this paper
• Ze Impedance and the Emergence of the Minkowski Metric

  2026cites this paper
• The Lorentz Group as an Automorphism of Ze Counting

  2026cites this paper
• Thermodynamic Gravity with Non-Extensive Horizon Entropy and Topological Calibration

  2026cites this paper
• The Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy: Covarying Coupling Constants?

  2026cites this paper
• On the quantum nature of strong gravity

  2026cites this paper
• Holographic Origin of Matter Dominance and Weak CP Violation: A Unified Theory beyond the Standard Model

  2026cites this paper
• Direct Derivation of Time Dilation from Ze Counters

  2026cites this paper
• MOND theory and thermodynamics of spacetime

  2025influential citation
• Cosmic inflation from entangled qubits: a white hole model for emergent spacetime

  2025cites this paper
• Gravitation and Spacetime: Emergent from Spinor Interactions -- How?

  2025cites this paper
• The Geometry and Flow of Informational Time

  2025cites this paper
• Another 100 Years of Quantum Interpretation?

  2025cites this paper
• The Wafold: Curvature-Driven Termination and Dimensional Compression in Black Holes

  2025cites this paper
• Holographic Naturalness and Pre-Geometric Gravity

  2025cites this paper
• Polarisation or Equilibrium? The Impact of ‘Core‐Periphery’ Interactions on Economic Efficiency in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area

  2025cites this paper
• Emergent Gravity from Topological Quantum Field Theory: Stochastic Gradient Flow Perspective away from the Quantum Gravity Problem

  2025cites this paper
• Does Verlinde's entropic gravity modifies Brans-Dicke cosmology?

  2025cites this paper
• The μ-Deformed Einstein Field Equations with μ-Dependent Effective Cosmological Constant

  2025cites this paper
• Quantum-Inspired Loss Functions for Artificial Intelligence Optimization: In the EQST-GP Framework from Fundamental Physics

  2025cites this paper
• Emergence of gravity from quantum field theory in triangulated spacetime and the QFT vector model

  2025cites this paper
• Temperature and Time in Quantum Wave Entropy

  2025cites this paper
• Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity: Constraints from the generalized parton distributions (GPDs)

  2025cites this paper
• Constructing an Entropic-Force Model for the Expansion of the Universe Caused by Gravitationally-Induced Production of Dark Matter

  2025cites this paper
• Measurement of neutron whispering gallery states using a pulsed neutron beam

  2025cites this paper
• Towards a unified framework of transient quantum dynamics: integrating graviton models with cosmic phase transitions and observational verifications

  2025cites this paper
• The Quantum Gravity Entanglement Principle (QGEP) and The Marmon Equation: A Unification of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity

  2025cites this paper
• Dynamical stability analysis of entropy corrected cosmic model through zero-point length

  2025cites this paper
• How the Haug-Tatum Cosmology Model Entropic Energy Might Be Directly Linked to Dark Energy

  2025cites this paper
• Chandrasekhar’s Integral Stability Criterion Modified within the Kaniadakis κ-Statistics for an Equilibrium Cloud of a Protostar

  2025influential citation
• Agegraphic dark energy with fractional entropy: Implications for cosmological evolution

  2025cites this paper
• The Significance of the Entropic Measure of Time in Natural Sciences

  2025cites this paper
• Birth of Spacetime: The Feldt-Higgs Universal Bridge (F-HUB) Theory, Part One – A Universal Informational Framework for Mass, Gravity and Entropy

  2025cites this paper
• Big-Bang nucleosynthesis constraints on (dual) Kaniadakis cosmology

  2025cites this paper
• The Standard Model Symmetry and Qubit Entanglement

  2025cites this paper
• Simulating gravitational dynamics via scalar field propagation

  2025cites this paper
• Minimum Spacetime Length and the Thermodynamics of Spacetime

  2025cites this paper
• Constraining zero-point length from gravitational baryogenesis

  2025cites this paper
• Networks as the fundamental constituents of the Universe

  2025influential citation
• Emergence of the cosmic space inspired by mass-to-horizon entropy

  2025cites this paper
• Topological and optical signatures of modified black-hole entropies

  2025cites this paper
• Topological Classification of a 4D AdS Black Hole with Non-Minimal Maxwell Coupling

  2025cites this paper
• The Thermodynamics of the Gravity from Entropy Theory

  2025cites this paper
• Mass-to-Horizon Relation and Entropy Beyond the Bekenstein–Hawking Limit

  2025cites this paper
• Quasinormal Ringing and Unruh-Verlinde Temperature of the Frolov Black Hole

  2025cites this paper
• Functional q-deformation of orbital velocity in emergent gravitation: Extended framework and galactic applications

  2025cites this paper
• Thermodynamic Split Conjecture and an Observational Test for Cosmological Entropy

  2025cites this paper
• Quantum Vacuum energy as the origin of Gravity

  2025cites this paper
• On the Coupling Between Cosmological Dynamics and Quantum Behavior: A Multiscale Thermodynamic Framework

  2025cites this paper
• Non-rotating hairy Bardeen black hole: thermodynamic properties, entropic force, and circular photon motion

  2025influential citation
• Testing the Generalized Second Law in $(2+1)$-Dimensional Cosmology: Holographic Entropy Bounds and Observational Constraints

  2025cites this paper
• Constraints on R\'{e}nyi Entropy through Primordial Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and Baryogenesis

  2025cites this paper
• Limiting the Yukawa gravity through the black hole shadows of Sgr A* and M87*

  2025cites this paper
• Why Emergence of Gravity in Matrix Theories is Entropic

  2025cites this paper
• Information Storage in a Black Hole’s Gravitational Field

  2025cites this paper
• Entanglement, trace anomaly, and confinement in QCD

  2025cites this paper
• Gravity Is Induced By Renormalization Group Flow

  2025cites this paper
• Entropic force in matrix

  2025influential citation
• Quantum Wave Entropy

  2025cites this paper
• Nonadiabatic Wave-Packet Dynamics: Nonadiabatic Metric, Quantum Geometry, and Analogue Gravity

  2025cites this paper
• The quantum-classical complexity of consciousness and orchestrated objective reduction

  2025influential citation
• Testing CCC+TL Cosmology with Galaxy Rotation Curves

  2025cites this paper
• Many body gravity and the bullet cluster

  2025cites this paper
• Gravitational interactions with information dynamics

  2025cites this paper
• Circular motion of test particles, trajectories and QPOs around the non-rotating black hole in the background of the Symmergent gravity

  2025cites this paper
• Thinking the Unthinkable: An Alternative Route to a Unified Theory

  2025cites this paper
• Anisotropic cosmology in q-deformed entropic gravity

  2025cites this paper
• On the Motivations for Seeking a Theory of Quantum Gravity

  2025cites this paper
• On the quantum mechanics of entropic forces

  2025influential citation
• Viscosity, entanglement, and acceleration

  2025cites this paper
• Non-affine extensions of the Raychaudhuri equation in the K-essence framework

  2025cites this paper
• Quantum Response Theory and Momentum-Space Gravity.

  2025cites this paper
• Chronoentropy: A Model for the Emergence of Time from Entropy and Gravity

  2025cites this paper
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics

  2025cites this paper
• Gravitational redshift of broadband relativistic quantum photons

  2025cites this paper
• Thermodynamic compatibility, holographic property and wave-function representation of generalized weakly nonlocal self-gravitating non-relativistic fluids

  2025cites this paper
• Entropically Driven Agents

  2025cites this paper
• Out of the box approach to Black hole Information paradox

  2025cites this paper
• Fractal Dimension of Pollutants and Urban Meteorology of a Basin Geomorphology: Study of Its Relationship with Entropic Dynamics and Anomalous Diffusion

  2025cites this paper
• Properties of a closed subsystem in an infinite system

  2025cites this paper
• Is gravity evidence of a computational universe?

  2025cites this paper
• Phenomenology of Schwarzschild-like black holes with a generalized Compton wavelength

  2025cites this paper
• Entropy analysis of dark matter halo structures

  2025influential citation
• Black Holes Immersed in Galactic Dark Matter Halo

  2025influential citation
• Virtual work, thermodynamic structure of the spacetime, and black hole criticality

  2025cites this paper
• Effective matter sectors from modified entropies

  2025cites this paper
• Quantum black holes in scalar–tensor gravity: a Green function approach

  2025cites this paper
• Crystallizing spacetime: a fundamentally classical framework for quantum gravity

  2025cites this paper