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NF-κB inhibition by dimethylaminoparthenolide radiosensitizes non-small-cell lung carcinoma by blocking DNA double-strand break repair

Peter Deraska,Colin O’Leary,Hunter Reavis,Shelby A Labe,Tru-Khang T. Dinh,J. Lazaro,C. Sweeney,A. D’Andrea,D. Kozono

Published 2018 in Cell Death Discovery

ABSTRACT

Despite optimal chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), and/or surgery, non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the US and worldwide. Thoracic RT, a mainstay in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC, is often restricted in efficacy by a therapeutic index limited by sensitivity of tissues surrounding the malignancy. Therefore, radiosensitizers that can improve the therapeutic index are a vital unmet need. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway is a proposed mechanism of radiosensitization. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of the canonical NF-κB pathway by dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) radiosensitizes NSCLC by blocking DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. NF-κB inhibition results in significant impairment of both homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), as well as reductions in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA repair biomarkers. NF-κB inhibition by DMAPT shows preclinical potential for further investigation as a NSCLC radiosensitizer.

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